{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:27:28Z","timestamp":1792189648578,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2063","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016302","name":"Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that causes sporadic, multi-country epidemics. However, there is limited understanding of RVF virus circulation during interepidemic periods and the potential impacts of global change on interepidemic RVF. To address these knowledge gaps, we built a predictive model using recent interepidemic RVF outbreak data from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. We then projected interepidemic RVF risk for three future time periods (2021\u20132040, 2041\u20132060, 2061\u20132080) under three global change scenarios representing different trajectories for climate and human population distribution (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370). Our model identified interepidemic RVF risk hotspots in east Kenya, east Tanzania and southwest Uganda. Hydrology was a major driver of disease risk: hotspots emerged in association with lakes and rivers, and risk peaked during May\u2013July following the long rains season (March\u2013May). Projections under global change scenarios suggested that disease risk will generally decrease over time. Nevertheless, owing to expected human population growth, we estimate that &amp;gt;\u200990 million people in the study region will be exposed to interepidemic RVF by 2061\u20132080, which is nearly double the historical (1970\u20132000) estimate of approximately 49 million people. Mitigating the future health impacts of RVF will require increased disease surveillance, prevention and control effort in risk hotspots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.2193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:22:45Z","timestamp":1769602965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interepidemic Rift Valley fever in East Africa: the recent risk landscape and projected impacts of global change"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-5356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan A.","family":"Eskew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho 1 , , ,","place":["Moscow, ID, USA"],"department":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4728-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Clancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University 2 , , ,","place":["Pullman, WA, USA"],"department":["Paul G. Allen School for Global Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University 3 , , ,","place":["Vancouver, WA, USA"],"department":["School of the Environment"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Situma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University 4 , ,","place":["Nairobi, Kenya"],"department":["Global Health-Kenya"]},{"name":"Pwani University 5 , ,","place":["Kilifi, Kenya"],"department":["Department of Animal Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Nyakarahuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University 6 , ,","place":["Kampala, Uganda"],"department":["Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health"]},{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute 7 , ,","place":["Entebbe, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kariuki","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University 2 , , ,","place":["Pullman, WA, USA"],"department":["Paul G. Allen School for Global Health"]},{"name":"Washington State University 4 , ,","place":["Nairobi, Kenya"],"department":["Global Health-Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9817-0056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott L.","family":"Nuismer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Idaho 8 , , ,","place":["Moscow, ID, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807230879900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.05.009","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in animals and humans: current perspectives","volume":"156","author":"McMillen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antivir. 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