{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:09:53Z","timestamp":1792786193067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2081","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Science Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021nxhr62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000155","name":"Division of Environmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2116358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2116358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microbial specialization on host species can promote plant diversity through plant\u2013soil interactions that affect seedling survival and performance. While these processes are typically studied at the interspecific level, emerging evidence suggests that plant\u2013soil interactions can be genotype-specific, contributing to intraspecific density dependence (iDD). However, iDD remains poorly understood in tropical tree species, particularly with respect to its strength and frequency. We hypothesized that genetic distance among conspecific trees should modulate the strength of iDD, and the direction of the effect\u2014positive or negative seedling response\u2014should reflect the net balance of plant\u2013microbe antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. Using a reciprocal planting experiment across eight tropical tree species, we show that genetic distance between conspecific individuals significantly influences seedling responses, consistent with iDD. Yet, the direction of this effect was variable: Castilla tunu showed higher survival and Wettinia aequalis greater biomass in soils from more genetically distant conspecifics, consistent with negative iDD; Inga marginata exhibited positive iDD; five species exhibited no pattern. These findings demonstrate that genotype-specific plant\u2013soil interactions can generate biologically relevant but variable impacts on seedling responses. This highlights the need to further investigate the drivers and ecological consequences of intraspecific genetic variation in plant\u2013soil interactions and iDD in tropical forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.3199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:15:06Z","timestamp":1792541706000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The role of genetic distance in modulating intraspecific plant\u2013soil interactions among a diverse assemblage of tropical tree species seedlings"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0352-3782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa I.","family":"Soria Penafiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University 1 , New Orleans, LA, USA"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Ambientales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador 2 , Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Conservaci\u00f3n de los Andes Tropicales (FCAT) 3 , Quinind\u00e9, Esmeraldas, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Aulestia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Conservaci\u00f3n de los Andes Tropicales (FCAT) 3 , Quinind\u00e9, Esmeraldas, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Rivas-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito 4 , Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Karubian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University 1 , New Orleans, LA, USA"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Conservaci\u00f3n de los Andes Tropicales (FCAT) 3 , Quinind\u00e9, Esmeraldas, Ecuador"},{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito 4 , Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunshine A.","family":"Van Bael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University 1 , New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102020150290700_RSPB20253199C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343","article-title":"Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity","volume":"31","author":"Chesson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. 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