{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:08:24Z","timestamp":1793081304731,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2079","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max Planck Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRFP 2015213455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRFP 2015213455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DDRI 1838393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DDRI 1838393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Debates persist around the past and present effects of introduced livestock on the native biodiversity of Madagascar. Indeed, the variable habitat and past rate of spread of livestock across the island\u2019s distinct ecoregions are poorly known. Sets of 14C and stable isotope data from bovid bone collagen give a direct approach to estimating past introduction events and animal diet. We sampled more than 100 bovid bones collected at 23 sites across the island and present a compiled dataset of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from 126 specimens (94 of which are directly 14C-dated) belonging to Bos (cattle), Ovis (sheep) and Capra (goat). The earliest documented presence of bovids in the island's interior approximately 1200 years ago probably reflects a rapid spread of livestock across the island before the start of the past millennium. Isotopic data suggest that, since cattle introduction, these livestock have come to rely more on plants in increasingly wet habitat and approximately 10% more on carbon from some combination of C4 grasses or succulents that use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). We argue that a potential variety of causal mechanisms connect past changes in livestock diet with changes in climate, vegetation and endemic large herbivore abundance, and we highlight productive areas for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2026.0668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:11:58Z","timestamp":1790122318000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Past rapid spread of introduced livestock coincided with vegetation clearance on Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6147-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Hixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University 1 , Corvallis, OR 97331, USA"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology 2 , 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Climate School 3 , New York, NY 10025, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucien","family":"Rakotozafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Civilisations Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Arch\u00e9ologie and Mention Anthropobiologie et D\u00e9veloppement Durable, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 d'Antananarivo 4 , Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Crossland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Columbia University 5 , New York, NY 10027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology 2 , 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"School of Social Science, The University of Queensland 9 , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"School of Environment and Science, Griffith University 10 , Nathan, QLD 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Crowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Science, The University of Queensland 9 , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Douglass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia Climate School 3 , New York, NY 10025, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"Garbaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology 11 , Vilnius LT-10257, Vilnius County, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-7472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara 12 , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia W.","family":"H\u00fcsges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology 2 , 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneke","family":"Janzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee Knoxville 13 , Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Kennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara 12 , Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heritiana","family":"Randrianatoandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University 14 , University Park, PN 16802, USA"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Antananarivo, Mention Anthropobiologie et D\u00e9veloppement Durable, Facult\u00e9 31 des Sciences 15 , Antananarivo, MG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology 2 , 07745 Jena, 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