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Here, we report the earliest dipluran, Sinojapyx giganteus gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota (approx. 165 Mya). Its ectognathous mouthparts challenge the conventional view that all non\u2011insect hexapods are entognathous, providing solid evidence that entognathy evolved independently at least three times. The pincer\u2011like cerci of Sinojapyx are symmetrical and lack denticles, representing a transitional state preceding the sophisticated predatory appendages of extant japygoids. Exceeding 5\u202fcm in body length and equipped with robust mandibles and pincer-like cerci, this giant soil dweller occupied the apex of the soil food web in the Jurassic, filling a niche typically held by scorpions or centipedes today. This discovery not only bridges a major gap in the dipluran fossil record but also offers critical insights into the ancestral body pattern of non\u2011insect hexapods and soil trophic networks in the Jurassic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2026.1207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:14:59Z","timestamp":1791332099000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A giant Jurassic hunter: the earliest dipluran and its implications for hexapod body pattern evolution"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9283-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Nanjing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 5 , Nanjing 211135, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Bot\u00e0nica i Geologia, Facultat de Ci\u00e8ncies Biol\u00f2giques, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia 3 , Burjassot 46100, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Sendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Did\u00e0ctica de les Ci\u00e8ncies Experimentals i Socials, Facultat de Magisteri, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia 4 , Val\u00e8ncia 46022, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5637-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Nanjing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 5 , Nanjing 211135, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100620144761700_RSPB20261207C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2408775121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2408775121","article-title":"Revisiting the four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister group to all other hexapods","volume":"121","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. 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