{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:40:00Z","timestamp":1792543200550,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2081","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1832812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1832812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2036201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2036201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pitzer Science Internship Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oceanographic changes due to carbon dioxide emissions have complex and varied impacts on marine calcifying taxa. Changes in calcification can unfold over decades or longer, requiring a longer-term understanding of biomineralization patterns than laboratory-based studies can provide. Here, we investigate the calcification history of the marine mussel Mytilus californianus to determine how this ecologically critical foundation species has responded to past and ongoing environmental changes in the southern end of its range within the California Current System (CCS) between 27.72\u00b0\u2005N and 34.47\u00b0\u2005N. Calcification metrics based on shell morphology, growth banding, and mineralogical structure in 130 museum-archived M. californianus specimens collected decadally from 1913 to 2010 revealed unexpected resilience in southern M. californianus shells after previous studies found calcification vulnerability in this species farther north. Shell growth data were paired with temperature datasets and regional pH records. Despite increasingly warmer and more variable conditions in the southern CCS, M. californianus shell features remained quantitatively unchanged in this region since 1913, although we present preliminary microstructural data that align with previous evidence of increased crystallographic disorder in this species. Based on overall consistencies in calcification metrics, M. californianus appears more resistant to environmental changes at the southern end of its range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2026.1964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:23:29Z","timestamp":1792542209000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calcification patterns of a foundation species reveal resilience to environmental change in southern California over the twentieth century"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0413-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica P.","family":"Vriesman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Scripps College 1 , Claremont, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer College 2 , Claremont, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast 3 , Juneau, AK, USA"},{"name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis 4 , Davis, CA, USA"},{"name":"Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California 5 , Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Van Ausdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Pitzer College 2 , Claremont, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis 4 , Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4159-9104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa M.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis 4 , Davis, CA, USA"},{"name":"Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California 5 , Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.marine.010908.163834","article-title":"Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem","volume":"1","author":"Doney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2014.16","article-title":"A time-series view of changing surface ocean chemistry due to ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification","volume":"27","author":"Bates","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.055939","article-title":"Functional impacts of ocean acidification in an ecologically critical foundation species","volume":"214","author":"Gaylord","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-013-2219-3","article-title":"Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs","volume":"160","author":"Gazeau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12179","article-title":"Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming","volume":"19","author":"Kroeker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154244","article-title":"Meta-analysis reveals variance in tolerance to climate change across marine trophic levels","volume":"827","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.22364\/eeb.23.12","article-title":"Impact of ocean acidification on the biology of marine bivalves","volume":"23","author":"Argente","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1086\/BBLv226n3p211","article-title":"Predicting the effects of ocean acidification on predator-prey interactions: a conceptual framework based on coastal molluscs","volume":"226","author":"Kroeker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13272","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510856112","article-title":"Global alteration of ocean ecosystem functioning due to increasing human CO 2 emissions","volume":"112","author":"Nagelkerken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1130\/G30210A.1","article-title":"Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2-induced ocean acidification","volume":"37","author":"Ries","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2010.01518.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms","volume":"13","author":"Kroeker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.516","article-title":"Meta-analysis reveals complex marine biological responses to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming","volume":"3","author":"Harvey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. 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Experimental studies on the relationship between a dominant competitor and its principal predator","volume":"15","author":"Paine","year":"1974","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2008.10.009","article-title":"Spatial patterns in recruitment and growth of the mussel mytilus californianus (Conrad) in southern and northern California, USA, two regions with differing oceanographic conditions","volume":"61","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.019430","article-title":"Modulation of digestive physiology and biochemistry in Mytilus californianus in response to feeding level acclimation and microhabitat","volume":"5","author":"Connor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. 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Microanal."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33895","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506526200","article-title":"Caspartin and calprismin, two proteins of the shell calcitic prisms of the Mediterranean fan mussel Pinna nobilis","volume":"280","author":"Marin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2013.06.006","article-title":"Crystal lattice tilting in prismatic calcite","volume":"183","author":"Olson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9661","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63207-6","article-title":"A century of change in the California Current: upwelling system amplifies acidification","volume":"16","author":"Stoll","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344793","article-title":"The physiological ecology of Mytilus californianus Conrad","volume":"22","author":"Bayne","year":"1976","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09491","article-title":"Latitudinal differences in Mytilus californianus thermal physiology","volume":"450","author":"Logan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7332","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JC014187","article-title":"Coastal upwelling revisited: Ekman, Bakun, and improved upwelling indices for the U.S. West Coast","volume":"123","author":"Jacox","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. 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Ecol."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40784-3","article-title":"Widespread shifts in the coastal biota of northern California during the 2014\u20132016 marine heatwaves","volume":"9","author":"Sanford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scient. Rep."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6218","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06218","article-title":"Ocean acidification impacts mussel control on biomineralisation","volume":"4","author":"Fitzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scient. Rep."},{"key":"2026102020231812800_RSPB20261964C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21076","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21076","article-title":"Biomineral shell formation under ocean acidification: a shift from order to chaos","volume":"6","author":"Fitzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scient. 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