{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:23:14Z","timestamp":1777555394975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1842","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]],"date-time":"2006-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac and uterine muscle cells and tissue can be either autorhythmic or excitable. These behaviours exchange stability at bifurcations produced by changes in parameters, which if spatially localized can produce an ectopic pacemaking focus. The effects of these parameters on cell dynamics have been identified and quantified using continuation algorithms and by numerical solutions of virtual cells. The ability of a compact pacemaker to drive the surrounding excitable tissues depends on both the size of the pacemaker and the strength of electrotonic coupling between cells within, between, and outside the pacemaking region.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We investigate an ectopic pacemaker surrounded by normal excitable tissue. Cell\u2013cell coupling is simulated by the diffusion coefficient for voltage. For uniformly coupled tissues, the behaviour of the hybrid tissue can take one of the three forms: (i) the surrounding tissue electrotonically suppresses the pacemaker; (ii) depressed rate oscillatory activity in the pacemaker but no propagation; and (iii) pacemaker driving propagations into the excitable region.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>However, real tissues are heterogeneous with spatial changes in cell\u2013cell coupling. In the gravid uterus during early pregnancy, cells are weakly coupled, with the cell\u2013cell coupling increasing during late pregnancy, allowing synchronous contractions during labour. These effects are investigated for a caricature uterine tissue by allowing both excitability and diffusion coefficient to vary stochastically with space, and for cardiac tissues by spatial gradients in the diffusion coefficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]],"date-time":"2006-03-31T18:58:45Z","timestamp":1143831525000},"page":"1313-1327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Endogenous driving and synchronization in cardiac and uterine virtual tissues: bifurcations and local coupling"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"364","author":[{"given":"Alan P","family":"Benson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of SheffieldSheffield S1 4DP, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun V","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Kharche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing C","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Benson A. 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