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While the importance of multiscale modelling in this context is increasingly recognized, there is little underpinning literature on the methodology and generic description of the process. The COAST (complex autonoma simulation technique) project aims to address this by developing a multiscale, multiscience framework, coined\n            <jats:italic>complex autonoma<\/jats:italic>\n            (CxA), based on a hierarchical aggregation of coupled cellular automata (CA) and agent-based models (ABMs). The key tenet of COAST is that a multiscale system can be decomposed into\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            single-scale CA or ABMs that mutually interact across the scales. Decomposition is facilitated by building a scale separation map on which each single-scale system is represented according to its spatial and temporal characteristics. Processes having well-separated scales are thus easily identified as the components of the multiscale model. This paper focuses on methodology, introduces the concept of the CxA and demonstrates its use in the generation of a multiscale model of the physical and biological processes implicated in a challenging and clinically relevant problem, namely coronary artery in-stent restenosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,5]],"date-time":"2008-07-05T01:00:47Z","timestamp":1215219647000},"page":"3343-3360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["The application of multiscale modelling to the process of development and prevention of stenosis in a stented coronary artery"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"366","author":[{"given":"D.J.W","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Medical Physics, University of SheffieldSheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.V","family":"Lawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Medical Physics, University of SheffieldSheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of SheffieldSheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of SheffieldSheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.R","family":"Hose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Medical Physics, University of SheffieldSheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.H","family":"Smallwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of SheffieldSheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Chopard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, University of GenevaGeneva 1211, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Krafczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computer Applications in Civil Engineering, Technical University of BraunschweigBraunschweig 38106, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bernsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Laboratories Europe, NEC Europe Ltd.Sankt Augustin 53757, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Science, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam 1018, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.871775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"BCIS 2007 British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. 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