{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:34:55Z","timestamp":1792445695074,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2059","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US National Science Foundation","award":["0839142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0839142"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clean hot water drill systems (CHWDSs) are used with clean access protocols for the exploration of subglacial lakes and other subglacial aquatic environments (e.g. ice-shelf cavities) in Antarctica. A CHWDS developed for the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project by the Science Management Office at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL-SMO), USA, was specifically designed for use in West Antarctica, where the US Antarctic Program's South Pole Traverse could assist with logistical support. The initial goal was to provide clean access holes through ice up to 1000\u2009m thick following environmental stewardship guidelines; however, the existing design allows this CHWDS to be used for ice thicknesses up to 2000\u2009m following modifications to accommodate longer hose lengths. In January 2013, the WISSARD CHWDS successfully provided for the first time a clean access borehole through 800\u2009m of ice into Subglacial Lake Whillans beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for the deployment of scientific instruments and sampling tools. The development and initial use of the WISSARD CHWDS required the project team to address a number of constraints while providing contingencies to meet the defined project scope, schedule and budget.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2014.0305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T23:25:03Z","timestamp":1450135503000},"page":"20140305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Enabling clean access into Subglacial Lake Whillans: development and use of the WISSARD hot water drill system"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"374","author":[{"given":"Frank R.","family":"Rack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/789610223"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","volume-title":"Exploration of Antarctic subglacial aquatic environments: environmental and scientific stewardship","author":"National Research Council","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102014000674"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102096000405"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102005002889"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GC001408"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/002214309789470879"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095410201200048X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136897"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/002214310791968557"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066875"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB001029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB092iB09p08921"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JB900329"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/172756403781816211"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB001935"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB001936"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/172756504781830295"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JF001430"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2013AoG63A535"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL063638"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138396"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138393"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG66A216"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2013JoG12J122"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JF000603"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2012JoG11J219"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1790"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/172756410791392790"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-5-569-2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-7-375-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021387"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/002214309788608813"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/002214311798843421"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2012AoG60A119"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL059250"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013GL058616"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087231"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JF001035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2011.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014JoG14J038"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010EO290002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GM000932","volume-title":"Antarctic subglacial aquatic environments","author":"Fricker HA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50712"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG67A004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG68A031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG68A037"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG68A039"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","unstructured":"Gerasimoff MM. 2010 UW-Wisconsin (ICDS) WISSARD program: environmental stewardship engineering and science objectives. In Chapman Conf. on the Exploration and Study of Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments Baltimore MD 15\u201317 March 2010 (eds MJ Siegert MC Kennicutt II) p. 18. Washington DC: American Geophysical Union. See http:\/\/www.agu.org\/meetings\/chapman\/2010\/ccall\/pdf\/Program_Book.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102013000035"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GM000947","volume-title":"Antarctic subglacial aquatic environments","author":"Doran PT","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG68A032"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/172756500781832873"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13667"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3723\/ut.33.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3189\/2014AoG65A009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2012.79"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0305","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0305","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:25:11Z","timestamp":1778621111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsta\/article\/115021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2059","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsta.2014.0305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0305","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-503X","1471-2962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-503X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}