{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:04:58Z","timestamp":1791270298495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2053","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When a cosmic object strikes the Earth, it most probably falls into an ocean. Depending on the impact energy and the depth of the ocean, a large amount of water is displaced, forming a temporary crater in the water column. Large tsunami-like waves originate from the collapse of the cavity in the water and the ejecta splash. Because of the far-reaching destructive consequences of such waves, an oceanic impact has been suggested to be more severe than a similar-sized impact on land; in other words, oceanic impacts may punch over their weight. This review paper summarizes the process of impact-induced wave generation and subsequent propagation, whether the wave characteristic differs from tsunamis generated by other classical mechanisms, and what methods have been applied to quantify the consequences of an oceanic impact. Finally, the impact-induced tsunami hazard will be evaluated by means of the Eltanin impact event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2014.0381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T20:28:59Z","timestamp":1442867339000},"page":"20140381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The meteorite impact-induced tsunami hazard"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"373","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"W\u00fcnnemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin 10115, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1130\/SPE190-p69","volume-title":"Geological implications of impacts of large asteroid and comets on the Earth","author":"Gault DE","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020467522340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00550.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Proc. of Bridging the Gap II: Effect of Target Properties on the Impact Cratering Process, Saint-Hubert, Canada, 22\u201326 September 2007","author":"Milner DJ","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00549.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(01)00136-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(01)00148-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1130\/SPE190-p103","volume-title":"Geological implications of impacts of large asteroid and comets on the Earth","author":"O\u2019Keefe JD","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009RG000308"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05010-1_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/292417a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016756800003538"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01757"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361040a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96RG03038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","first-page":"779","volume-title":"Hazards from comets and asteroids","author":"Hills JG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gselements.8.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00485.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"Melosh HJ. 2003 Impact-generated tsunamis: an overrated hazard (abstract no. 2013). In Proc. 34th Lunar and Planetary Science Conf. Houston TX 17\u201321 March 2003 . Houston TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.1999.6336"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246X.2003.01944.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","volume-title":"Impact cratering: a geological process","author":"Melosh HJ","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2113\/gselements.8.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wave characteristics of impact-induced large waves\u2014reevaluation of the tsunami hazard","volume":"72","author":"W\u00fcnnemann K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meteorit. Planet. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","unstructured":"Van Dorn WG LeM\u00eahaut\u00e9 B Hwang LS. 1968 Handbook of explosion generated water waves. Report TC-130. Pasadena CA: Tetra Tech Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA087568"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ea.21.050193.002001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2006.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2004.tb00943.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G21854.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","first-page":"571","article-title":"A model for the formation of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater as revealed by drilling and numerical simulations","volume":"458","author":"Kenkmann T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(01)00143-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"119","article-title":"Two- and three-dimensional simulations of asteroid ocean impacts","volume":"21","author":"Gisler GR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Tsunami Hazard"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCISE.2004.1289308"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maps.12326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102208"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Modeling asteroid impact and tsunami","volume":"16","author":"Crawford DA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Tsunami Hazard"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(01)00147-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","first-page":"254","volume-title":"Impact cratering: processes and products 3","author":"Collins GS","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.02889.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fld.985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021918"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2007.03531.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2014.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","unstructured":"Jacops J Schenke HW. 2006 Mapping of the Eltanin impact area in the South-East Pacific. Bremerhaven Germany: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Correlation of gravimetry and bathymetry for the geologic interpretation of the Eltanin impact structure in the South Pacific","volume":"577","author":"Kroker R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rept. Polar Mar. Res."}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0381","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0381","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0381","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:25:21Z","timestamp":1778621121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsta\/article\/114993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2053","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsta.2014.0381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2014.0381","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-503X","1471-2962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-503X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}