{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:17:57Z","timestamp":1783477077712,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2150","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fresh water sustains human life and is vital for human health. Water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. For some of the poorest countries, 1 in 10 people do not have access to safe and easily accessible water sources. Water consumption by man continues to grow with increasing population. Furthermore, population growth and unsafe industrial practices, as well as climate change, have put strain on \u2018clean' water supply in many parts of the world, including the Americas. Current supply of fresh water needs to be supplemented to meet future needs. Living nature provides many lessons for water source. It has evolved species, which can survive in the most arid regions of the world by water collection from fog and condensation in the night. Before the collected water evaporates, species have mechanisms to transport water for storage or consumption. These species possess unique chemistry and structures on or within the body for collection and transport of water. In this paper, an overview of arid desert conditions and water collection from fog, and lessons from living nature for water collection are provided. Data on various bioinspired surfaces for water collection are also presented. Some bioinspired water purification approaches are presented. Next, consumer to military and emergency applications are discussed and water collection projections are presented.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T07:05:41Z","timestamp":1560150341000},"page":"20190119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Bioinspired water collection methods to supplement water supply"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-6601","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bharat","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201\u2009W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","volume-title":"Progress on sanitation and drinking water","author":"Anonymous","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2016.0135"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","volume-title":"Environmental outlook to 2030","author":"Anonymous","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2015 \u2018Water Uses \u2019 Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations seehttp:\/\/www.fao.org\/nr\/water\/aquastat\/water_use ."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2009 Charting Our Water Future: Economic Frameworks to Inform Decision-making see http:\/\/www.2030wrg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/Charting-Our-Water-Future-Final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Water in crisis: a guide to the World's fresh water resources","author":"Shiklomanov IA","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","volume-title":"The great lakes: an environmental atlas and resource book","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1995","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200488"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0269"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0125"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0335"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0127"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of deserts","author":"Mares MA","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","volume-title":"Atlas of the world's deserts","author":"Harris N","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8095(02)00096-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"Measurements of fog water deposition on the California Central Coast","volume":"2","author":"Hiatt C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Clim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","volume-title":"Droplet and spray transport: paradigms and applications","author":"Basu S","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","volume-title":"Geography of coastal deserts, report No. NS.64\/III.33\/A","author":"Meigs P","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","volume-title":"Sourcebook of alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation in some countries in Asia","author":"United Nations Environment Programme","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344858"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.08.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/262284a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2011.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2015.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la402409f"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35102108"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/194699a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1564473"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.2.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0415"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08729"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1992.0055"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112004009152"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.0800142"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-2530(17)32124-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","unstructured":"Vesilind PJ. 2003 \u2018Atacama Desert \u2019 National Geographic (August 2003) see http:\/\/ngm.nationalgeographic.com\/features\/world\/south-america\/chile\/atacama-text."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17757"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2253"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Exploitation of fog water by a Perennial Namib Dune Grass, Stipagrotis sabulicola","volume":"76","author":"Louw GN","year":"1980","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0847"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA06661H"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la2000014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la0610856"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201400262"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/10\/1\/016004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201301876"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0118"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54357-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71676-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.04.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0274"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-306-48100-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","volume-title":"Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics","author":"Moran MJ","year":"2018","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la3013987"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b16379"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1996)035<0601:IMFAOS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-2-225"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_61_2","volume-title":"Physical chemistry of surfaces","author":"Adamson AV","year":"1997","edition":"6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2010.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(92)90363-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06599"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15422119.2015.1035443"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B916582G"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00785"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2004.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200900306"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118403259"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T05:00:46Z","timestamp":1613624446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2150","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2019.0119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-503X","1471-2962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-503X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}