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Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantifying cell generated mechanical forces is key to furthering our understanding of mechanobiology. Traction force microscopy (TFM) is one of the most broadly applied force probing technologies, but its sensitivity is strictly dependent on the spatio-temporal resolution of the underlying imaging system. In previous works, it was demonstrated that increased sampling densities of cell derived forces permitted by super-resolution fluorescence imaging enhanced the sensitivity of the TFM method. However, these recent advances to TFM based on super-resolution techniques were limited to slow acquisition speeds and high illumination powers. Here, we present three novel TFM approaches that, in combination with total internal reflection, structured illumination microscopy and astigmatism, improve the spatial and temporal performance in either two-dimensional or three-dimensional mechanical force quantification, while maintaining low illumination powers. These three techniques can be straightforwardly implemented on a single optical set-up offering a powerful platform to provide new insights into the physiological force generation in a wide range of biological studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue \u2018Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)'.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2020.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T03:05:34Z","timestamp":1619406334000},"page":"20200151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extended mechanical force measurements using structured illumination microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"379","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0411-7447","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kseniya","family":"Korobchevskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huw","family":"Colin-York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"},{"name":"MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Fritzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK"},{"name":"MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK"},{"name":"Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0322-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201902202"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.02.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-019-00589-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3564"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1275"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084713"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6167"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b00273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023807"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12814"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04362"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201700333"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics4030041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b01196"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4sm00264d"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77386-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118382905.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.113670"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420138-5.00020-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b04083"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1324"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3500"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","article-title":"Two-dimensional TIRF-SIM - traction force microscopy (2D TIRF-SIM-TFM)","author":"Barbieri L","unstructured":"Barbieri L et al. In press. Two-dimensional TIRF-SIM - traction force microscopy (2D TIRF-SIM-TFM). Nat. Commun. (doi:10.1038\/s41467-021-22377-9)","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109011108"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","article-title":"Astigmatic traction force microscopy (aTFM)","author":"Li D","unstructured":"Li D et al In press. Astigmatic traction force microscopy (aTFM). Nat. Commun. (doi:10.1038\/s41467-021-22376-w)","journal-title":"Nat. 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