{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:43:31Z","timestamp":1784133811216,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2190","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["682462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["682462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["724326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["724326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008134","name":"Office of the Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Hooke18b\/SCTM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hooke18b\/SCTM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013360","name":"Invest Northern Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["059RDEN-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["059RDEN-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["262622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"C1 grant TRACEspace of Internal Funds KU Leuven","award":["C14\/19\/089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/19\/089"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The suitability of solar pores as magnetic wave guides has been a key topic of discussion in recent years. Here, we present observational evidence of propagating magnetohydrodynamic wave activity in a group of five photospheric solar pores. Employing data obtained by the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter at the Dunn Solar Telescope, oscillations with periods of the order of 5\u2009min were detected at varying atmospheric heights by examining Si \u026a 10827\u2009\u00c5 line bisector velocities. Spectropolarimetric inversions, coupled with the spatially resolved root mean square bisector velocities, allowed the wave energy fluxes to be estimated as a function of atmospheric height for each pore. We find propagating magnetoacoustic sausage mode waves with energy fluxes on the order of 30\u2005kW\u2005m\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            at an atmospheric height of 100\u2009km, dropping to approximately 2\u2005kW\u2005m\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            at an atmospheric height of around 500\u2009km. The cross-sectional structuring of the energy fluxes reveals the presence of both body- and surface-mode sausage waves. Examination of the energy flux decay with atmospheric height provides an estimate of the damping length, found to have an average value across all five pores of\n            <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>\n              <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sub>\n            \u2009\u2248\u2009268\u2005km, similar to the photospheric density scale height. We find the damping lengths are longer for body mode waves, suggesting that surface mode sausage oscillations are able to more readily dissipate their embedded wave energies. This work verifies the suitability of solar pores to act as efficient conduits when guiding magnetoacoustic wave energy upwards into the outer solar atmosphere.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue \u2018High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T08:05:27Z","timestamp":1608537927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Magnetoacoustic wave energy dissipation in the atmosphere of solar pores"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"379","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-4884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Gilchrist-Millar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9155-8039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David B.","family":"Jess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel D. T.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8556-470X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter H.","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Solar Observatory (NSO), 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-5397","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahin","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2327-3381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia M.","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for mathematical Plasma Astrophysics (CmPA), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B bus 2400, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Van Doorsselaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for mathematical Plasma Astrophysics (CmPA), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B bus 2400, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basilio","family":"Ruiz Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astrof\u00edsica de Canarias, V\u00eda L\u00e1ctea s\/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Astrof\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00963944"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-015-0141-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asna.200310132"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305255"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20078140"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1743921311015730"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/723\/1\/440"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-012-0196-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-3994(200005)321:2<121::AID-ASNA121>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","unstructured":"Dorotovi\u010d I Sobotka M Brandt PN Simon GW. 2002 Evolution of small-scale structures in and around a large solar pore. In The 10th European Solar Physics Meeting Prague Czech Republic 9\u201314 September 2002 (ed. A Wilson) pp. 435\u2013438. Noordwijk Netherlands: ESA Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S174392130801507X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/729\/2\/L18"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201321545"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201220542"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201425096"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2324"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/806\/1\/132"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201425468"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/817\/1\/44"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-019-0945-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aab432"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","first-page":"763","article-title":"FIRS: a new instrument for photospheric and chromospheric studies at the DST","volume":"81","author":"Jaeggli SA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jaeggli SA, Lin H, Mickey DL, Kuhn JR, Hegwer SL, Rimmele TR, Penn MJ. 2010 FIRS: a new instrument for photospheric and chromospheric studies at the DST. Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana 81, 763.","journal-title":"Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935510"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-011-9842-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-011-9841-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-010-9515-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00158295"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-009-9500-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-011-9776-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012722021820"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/148868"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201937274"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/159642"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/757\/2\/160"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2041-8205\/812\/1\/L15"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/147285"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/171545"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/722\/1\/131"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/823\/1\/45"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/0004-637X\/831\/1\/24"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/836\/1\/40"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/171862"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","volume-title":"Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing","author":"Press WH","year":"1986","unstructured":"Press WH, Flannery BP, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT. 1986 Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","first-page":"622","article-title":"Observed differences between large and small sunspots","volume":"291","author":"Collados M","year":"1994","unstructured":"Collados M, Mart\u00ednez Pillez V, Ruiz Cobo B, V\u00e1zquez M. 1994 Observed differences between large and small sunspots. Astron. Astrophys. 291, 622\u2013634.","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/172443"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41116-016-0005-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201936367"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/156691"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196186"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00151253"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2005.1709"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375492"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/746\/2\/183"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-008-9447-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/162205"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-006-0279-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-011-9783-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aa9223"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aae686"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201935393"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20030984"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20034233"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20040391"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/734\/2\/81"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Oscillations in active region fan loops: observations from EIS\/Hinode and AIA\/SDO","volume":"281","author":"Krishna Prasad S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krishna Prasad S, Banerjee D, Singh J. 2012 Oscillations in active region fan loops: observations from EIS\/Hinode and AIA\/SDO. Sol. Phys. 281, 67\u201385. (doi:10.1007\/s11207-012-0098-2)","journal-title":"Sol. Phys."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/789\/2\/118"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspas.2019.00057"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab24c4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/185493"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00155377"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319711"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pasj\/54.5.807"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-019-1486-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asna.201612434"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T05:13:10Z","timestamp":1620277990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2190","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0172","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-503X","1471-2962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-503X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"rsta.2020.0172"}}