{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:12:42Z","timestamp":1791591162484,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2275","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Well-developed\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    clusters are known to exist in light\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                          <mml:mi>Z<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    nuclei, and their properties are reasonably well described with modern nuclear structure theories. However, \u2018modestly\u2019 developed clusters in medium to heavy nuclei remain little understood, both theoretically and experimentally. Extension of the focus to include modestly developed clusters leads us to a concept of \u2018generalized clusters\u2019 and \u2018cluster ubiquitousness\u2019. The former includes clusters more weakly bound than an\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    cluster, such as deuteron, triton and\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mmultiscripts>\n                          <mml:mi>He<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mprescripts\/>\n                          <mml:none\/>\n                          <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                        <\/mml:mmultiscripts>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    , and even clusters partially broken owing to nuclear medium effects. The latter means the existence of clusters in any nuclei, where cluster development was not previously discussed. Effects of the tensor and the spin\u2013orbit interactions on the coexistence of clusters with independent nucleons are discussed using recent nuclear theoretical models. A mixture of the clusters with shell-like components plays an essential role in the synthesis of elements in the universe and the origin of life, together with an\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    decay. It is also pointed out that clustering in heavy nuclei may accelerate fission and fusion processes. Future experimental plans using cluster knockout reactions, which have the potential to extract information of \u2018generalized clusters\u2019 in a variety of nuclei including stable and unstable nuclei, are also discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018The liminal position of Nuclear Physics: from hadrons to neutron stars\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2023.0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T03:08:37Z","timestamp":1719198517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nuclear clustering\u2014manifestations of non-uniformity in nuclei"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"382","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0068-4719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"T.","family":"Uesaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , Saitama 338-8570, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-3309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Itagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science , Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University , Osaka 558-8585, Japan"},{"name":"Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University , Osaka 558-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786449908621245"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440508637080"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440608635919"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01343196"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.52.1083"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/130165a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jphysrad:01933004010054900"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.75.1969"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.75.1766.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/137344a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.62.014001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9474(81)90182-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/PTP.57.1262"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.90.035004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/PTPS.E68.464"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.64.044001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/PTPS.52.339"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.83.014302"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.98.032501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29582-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.109.252501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppnp.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/PTPS.132.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.29.1273"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.100.051302"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.103.L031305"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.105.064314"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/145546"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/190005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.192501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.082502"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2021.136411"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.69.024309"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.36.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/PTP.117.655"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.70.054307"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.125.182701"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2021.136283"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.035007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.4.515"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9474(93)90660-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/s10050-020-00075-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9474(79)90415-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.90.034304"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2017.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2009.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.128.172501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.83.034312"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02317340"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0370-1573(02)00268-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.100.044601"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppnp.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe4688"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.89.064321"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.93.054329"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4795946"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.95.064330"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0400-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.106.014621"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9474(76)90545-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.15.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.106.064613"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2023.0123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsta.2023.0123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsta.2023.0123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:25:14Z","timestamp":1778621114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsta\/article\/112692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2275","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsta.2023.0123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2023.0123","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-503X","1471-2962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-503X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-16","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20230123"}}