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Dendrochronological analyses produced three floating chronologies together spanning \u2248 700 calendar years. High-precision 14C measurements obtained at CEREGE with the AixMICADAS accelerator mass spectrometer, and calibrated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo wiggle-matching against the IntCal20 absolute chronology, reveal a large and abrupt \u039414C increase of \u2248 30\u2030 at 14\u202f300 cal yr BP. Carbon cycle model simulations forced with the GRIP 10Be flux record are compatible with this spike, confirming a sharp enhancement in cosmogenic isotope production linked to an extreme solar particle event (ESPE). Lower geomagnetic field intensity and reduced atmospheric CO\u2082 during the Late Glacial contributed to amplifying the \u220614C signal. Recent three-dimensional atmospheric 14C modelling indicates that this event represents the most powerful ESPE evidenced so far, much stronger than the largest ground-level enhancement of cosmic rays observed over the last 80 years of instrumental data. These results extend the ESPE record beyond the Holocene and demonstrate that subfossil wood has the potential to offer annually resolved evidence of ancient solar events, providing new constraints for radiocarbon calibration and solar-terrestrial interaction studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue \u2018Radiocarbon and cosmic radiation events\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2025.0289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:58:27Z","timestamp":1789030707000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiocarbon dating of subfossil trees from the southern French Alps and the extreme solar particle event at\n                    <i>ca<\/i>\n                    14 300 cal yr BP"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"384","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7237-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard","family":"Bard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll\u00e8ge de France, Technop\u00f4le de l\u02b9Arbois 1 , BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Miramont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMBE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Technop\u00f4le de l\u02b9Arbois 2 , Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Rostek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll\u00e8ge de France, Technop\u00f4le de l\u02b9Arbois 1 , BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Tuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEREGE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll\u00e8ge de France, Technop\u00f4le de l\u02b9Arbois 1 , BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Guibal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMBE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Technop\u00f4le de l\u02b9Arbois 2 , Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Marschal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMBE, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Technop\u00f4le de l\u02b9Arbois 2 , Aix-en-Provence, 13545, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Heaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds 3 , Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091011005592600_RSTA20250289C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-014-0074-2","article-title":"Revisiting the sunspot number","volume":"186","author":"Clette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Space Sci. 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