{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:21:34Z","timestamp":1767162094712,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"908","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,10]],"date-time":"1975-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":171590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Experiments with the C fibres of the rabbit vagus nerve have established that heat is evolved during the depolarizing phase of the action potential and is absorbed during the repolarizing phase. Subsequent studies using the pike olfactory nerve indicate that the heat production begins at a high rate very early in the depolarizing phase and is completed in advance of the peak of the spike. This would be expected if the heat arises from the energy released by the discharge of the membrane capacitance which varies as the square of the membrane potential; but estimates of the stored energy fall short of the observed heat production by a factor of two or three times. The prominent cooling phase suggests that a substantial part of the heat may arise from an entropy change. Such an entropy change would be expected to result from the change in the electrical stress in the dielectric of the membrane capacitance, and may thus be a manifestation of reversible changes in the molecular architecture of the insulating matrix of the membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1975.0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T13:43:34Z","timestamp":1166190214000},"page":"425-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Heat production in non-myelinated nerves"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"J. V.","family":"Howarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Proc. R . Soc","volume":"148","author":"Abbot B. C.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lond. B"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole K. S. 1968 Membranes ions and impulses. Berkeley: University of California Press.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520326514"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox J. M. & Stamfli R. 1971 Experientia 27 1289-1290.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02136692"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Fox J. M. 1972 Thesis Homburg-Saarbrucken."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Guggenheim E. A. 1949 Thermodynamics. New York: Interscience."},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"745","article-title":"J . Physiol","volume":"194","author":"Howarth J. V .","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lond."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Keynes R. D. 1970 In The neurosciences vol. 2 (ed. F. O. Schmitt) 707-714. New York: The Rockefeller University Press."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.197303561"},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"Prigogine I. 1968 Thermodynamics o f irreversible processes. Springfield Illinois: Thomas."},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"M. W. H ill {Biophysics Unit ARC Institute of Animal Babraham CB2 4A T) I would like to point out that the apparent discrepancy alluded to by Mr Howarth can"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"be fully accounted for by electrostriction effects. The heat given off or absorbed by a dielectric"},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"is equal to the total change in entropy of the dielectric when the field is changed times the"},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"temperature. For a plane disk of dielectric with the field E perpendicular to it the heat ob"},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"tained Q is given by Landau & Lifshitz (i960) :"},{"key":"p_15","first-page":"745","article-title":"J . Physiol","volume":"194","author":"Howarth J. V.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lond."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Landau L. D. & Lifshitz E. M. i960 Electrodynamics o f continuous media. Vol. 8. Course o f theoretical physics (translated by J. B. Sykes & J. S. Bell) p. 57. London: Pergamon Press."},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melchior D. L. & Morowitz H. J. 1972 Biochemistry 11 4558-4562.","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00774a020"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.1975.0020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/270\/908\/425\/334887\/rstb.1975.0020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/270\/908\/425\/334887\/rstb.1975.0020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T06:17:46Z","timestamp":1767161866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/270\/908\/425\/54006\/Heat-production-in-non-myelinated-nerves"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"908","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1975.0020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-4622","2054-0280"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0080-4622"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2054-0280"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1975,6,10]]}}}