{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:20:20Z","timestamp":1792628420093,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1152","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,12,17]],"date-time":"1985-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":503625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A single dose of CC14 when administered to a rat produces centrilobular necrosis and fatty degeneration of the liver. These hepatotoxic effects of CC14 are dependent upon its metabolic activation in the liver endoplasmic reticulum to reactive intermediates, including the trichloromethyl free radical. Positive identification of the formation of this free radical in vivo, in isolated liver cells and in microsomal suspensions in vitro has been achieved by e.s.r. spin-trapping techniques. The trichloromethyl radical has been found to be relatively unreactive in comparison with the secondarily derived peroxy radical CCl3O2, although each free radical species contributes significantly to the biological disturbances that occur. Major early perturbations produced to liver endoplasmic reticulum by exposure in vivo or vitro to CC14 include covalent binding and lipid peroxidation; studies of these processes occurring during CC14 intoxication have uncovered a number of concepts of general relevance to free-radical mediated tissue injury. Lipid peroxidation produces a variety of substances that have high biological activities, including effects on cell division; many liver tumours have a much reduced rate of lipid peroxidation compared with normal liver. A discussion of this rather general feature of liver tumours is given in relation to the liver cell division that follows partial hepatectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1985.0169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,18]],"date-time":"2006-12-18T17:33:09Z","timestamp":1166463189000},"page":"633-645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Carbon tetrachloride toxicity as a model for studying free-radical mediated liver injury"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"T. F.","family":"Slater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH. U. K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. H.","family":"Cheeseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH. U. K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith Usherwood","family":"Ingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, KIA 0R6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2040593"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"N A D P H - cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P450, other microsomal enzyme activities, and activation of CC14 in rat tissues. Biochim. biophysis","volume":"677","author":"Benedetto C.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0110261"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"311","article-title":"Reduction of carbon tetrachloride in vivo and reduction of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in vitro by tissues and tissue constituents. J.Pharmac. exp","volume":"134","author":"Butler T. C.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ther."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700420104"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheeseman K. H. Benedetto C. Burton G. W. Collins M. Ingold K. U. Maddix S. Milia A. Proudfoot K. & Slater T. F. 1985 Lipid peroxidation in regenerating rat liver. (In preparation.)","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(86)81109-7"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338401200305"},{"key":"p_8","first-page":"157","article-title":"The effects of various drugs and toxic agents on bile flow rate and composition in the rat. Toxic, appl","volume":"20","author":"Delaney V. B.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pharmac."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(77)81071-5"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esterbauer H. E. Cheeseman K. Dianzani M. U. Poli G. & Slater T. F. 1982 Separation and characterization of the aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation stimulated by ADP-Fe 2+ in rat liver microsomes Biochem J 208 129-140.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2080129"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(65)90173-6"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(72)90076-7"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(78)90108-4"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2121460a0"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(79)90038-9"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0060962"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7112127"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.17.5415"},{"key":"p_19","first-page":"147","article-title":"Thromboxane as a possible trigger of liver regeneration","volume":"25","author":"Kanzaki Y.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cell Molec. 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L.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta"},{"key":"p_33","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Confirmation of assignment of the trichloromethyl radical spin adduct detected by spin trapping during 13C-carbon tetrachloride metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Biochem. biophys","volume":"94","author":"Poyer J. L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Res. Commun."},{"key":"p_34","unstructured":"Proudfoot K. Cheeseman K. H. & Slater T. F. 1985 Studies on lipid peroxidation in microsomal suspensions prepared from livers of rats mice guinea pigs and rabbits. (In preparation.)"},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(69)90041-0"},{"key":"p_36","first-page":"145","article-title":"Carbon tetrachloride toxicity","volume":"19","author":"Recknagel R. O.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Pharmac. Rev."},{"key":"p_37","first-page":"712","article-title":"Facile degradation by superoxide ion of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and p,p'-DDT in aprotic media. J. 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