{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:06:42Z","timestamp":1787501202325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1226","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,5]],"date-time":"1989-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":620956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over 80% of cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in England and Wales have occurred in homosexual men. Changes in sexual behaviour in this group may have a substantial influence on the incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and will therefore be crucial in determining future cases of AIDS. This paper critically weighs the indirect and direct evidence for changes in behaviour in homosexual men since the advent of the AIDS epidemic. The paper reports on falling incidence of gonorrhoea, hepatitis B and syphilis in homosexual men, the changes being most marked from 1985 onwards. Data on temporal trends in HIV prevalence and incidence in homosexual men are reviewed. These suggest that the maximum incidence of HIV infection occurred in 1982-84 and may have fallen since then. Evidence for a concomitant change in sexual behaviour is reported from several sources. This points towards a recent change in sexual behaviour characterized by reduction in the numbers of partners and adoption of safer sexual practices. In some places change may have occurred as early as 1983. A change became apparent generally in 1985 and this appears to have been sustained in 1986-87. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of homosexual men studied continue to practice high risk sexual practices, such as anal intercourse, including relationships with casual partners.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1989.0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,18]],"date-time":"2006-12-18T17:49:02Z","timestamp":1166464142000},"page":"153-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Evidence for recent changes in sexual behavior in homosexual men in England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"A. M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, The Middlesex Hospital, London W1N 8AA, U. K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. N.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, U. K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler M. W. Belsey E. M. McCutchan J. A. & Mindel A. 1983 Should homosexuals be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus? Cost and benefit assessment. Br. me286 1621-1624.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6378.1621"},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Anderson R. M. & Johnson A. M. 1989 Rates of sexual partner change in homosexual and heterosexual populations in the United Kingdom. In Oxford University Press. (In the press.)"},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Sexand AIDS (ed. B. Boiler) Kinsey Institute Report. New York\n  :"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"285","article-title":"Study of STD clinic attenders in England and Wales 1978: 1. Patients versus cases","volume":"57","author":"Belsey E. M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J. Vener. Dis."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carne C. A. Weller I. V. D. Johnson A. M. Loveday C. Pearce F. Hawkins A. Smith A. Williams P. Tedder R. S. & Adler M. W. 1987 Prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus gonorrhoea rates and changing sexual behaviour in homosexual men in London. Lancet i 656-658.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90415-6"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"573","article-title":"Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the San Francisco cohort study, 1978-1985","volume":"34","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1985","journal-title":"Morbidity Mortality Weekly Rep."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control 1987a Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States: A review of current knowledge. 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London: Falmer Press."},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"Coxon A. P. M. & Davies P. M. 1989 Sexual activity of gay men in the U.K. based upon data from sexual diaries. Working Paper 15 Project SIGMA."},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"1004","article-title":"The gay report on sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"71","author":"Darrow W. W.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hlth"},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Eglin R. P. Chapel H. M. Harrison J. Morgan B. L. & Trotter S. 1988 Behavioural and immunological changes in the Oxford cohort of healthy gay men. Abstract TAIL Presented at the 1st international conference on the global impact of AIDS London."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans B. A. McLean K. A. Dawson S. G. Teece S. A. Bond R. A. MacRae K. D. & Thorp R. W. 1989 Trends in sexual behaviour and risk factors for HIV infection among homosexual men 1984-1987. Br. med. J. 298 215-218.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6668.215"},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Gebhard P. H. & Johnson A. B. 1979 The Kinsey data: marginal tabulations of the 1938-1963 interview conducted by the Institute for sex research. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders."},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gellan M. C. A. & Ison C. A. 1986 Declining incidence of gonorrhoea in London. A response to fear of AIDS. Lancet II 920.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90440-X"},{"key":"p_18","first-page":"210","article-title":"The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of homosexual men: a six year follow-up study. Ann. intern","volume":"103","author":"Jaffe H. W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"p_19","first-page":"99","article-title":"Social and behavioural aspects of the HIV epidemic: a review. J. R. statist","volume":"151","author":"Johnson A. M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soc. A"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kingsley L. A. Detels R. & Kaslow R. etal 1987 Risk factors for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus among male homosexuals. Lancet i 345-348.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91725-9"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loke R. H. T. Murray-Lyon I. M. Balachandran T. & Evans B. A. 1989 Screening for hepatitis B and vaccination of homosexual men. Br. med. J. 298 234.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6668.234"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loveday C. Pomeroy L. Weller I. V. D. Quirk J. Hawkins A. Smith A. Williams P. Tedder R. S. & Adler M. W. 1989 Human immunodeficiency viruses in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in London 1982-7. Br. med. J. 298 419-427.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6671.419"},{"key":"p_23","first-page":"578","article-title":"The impact of AIDS on gay male sexual behaviour patterns in New York","volume":"77","author":"Martin J. 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J. 289 1041.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6451.1041"},{"key":"p_37","first-page":"312","article-title":"a Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. J. Am. med","volume":"257","author":"Winkelstein W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ass."},{"key":"p_38","first-page":"685","article-title":"^ The San Francisco men's health study: III. Reduction in human immunodeficiency virus transmission among homosexual\/bisexual men, 1982-1986. Am. J. publ","author":"Winkelstein W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hlth"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.1989.0080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/325\/1226\/153\/81744\/rstb.1989.0080.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/325\/1226\/153\/81744\/rstb.1989.0080.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T11:49:12Z","timestamp":1767354552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/325\/1226\/153\/17964\/Evidence-for-recent-changes-in-sexual-behavior-in"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David Roxbee","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Roy Malcolm","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Hilary C.","family":"Hillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1226","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1989.0080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0080-4622","2054-0280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0080-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"2054-0280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,5]]}}}