{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:58:11Z","timestamp":1789181891277,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1312","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,29]],"date-time":"1994-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":775440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Leishmania donovani chagasi parasites, transmitted by sandflies of the Lutzomyia longipalpis species complex, normally cause visceral leishmaniasis. However, in Central America infections frequently result in cutaneous disease. We undertook experiments to investigate the possible influence of sandfly saliva on the course of infection. Erythemas caused by feeding sandflies correlated well with the levels of the erythema-inducing peptide, maxadilan, in their saliva. Saliva of Brazilian flies was the most potent, that of Colombian flies less so, and Costa Rican saliva had very little maxadilan and lacked activity. Nucleotide sequence differences in the maxadilan gene of the three species were detected by \u2018single strand conformational polymorphism\u2019 electrophoresis. Leishmania infections proliferated fastest when coinjected with the saliva of Costa Rican flies. Brazilian flies had less influence, and Colombian flies only a slight effect. Thus Costa Rican Lutzomyia longipalpis, vectors of non-ulcerative cutaneous disease, have very low vasodilatory activity and very little maxadilan, but their saliva strongly enhances cutaneous proliferation of Leishmania infections. Conversely, flies from Colombia and Brazil, vectors of visceral disease, have more maxadilan, but exacerbate cutaneous infections to a lesser degree. These coincidental observations suggest that species of Lutzomyia longipalpis differ in their propensity to modulate the pathology of the disease they transmit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1994.0097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T17:54:58Z","timestamp":1166205298000},"page":"223-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Saliva of\n                    <i>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/i>\n                    sibling species differs in its composition and capacity to enhance leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"345","author":[{"given":"Alon","family":"Warburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U. S. A."},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91010, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U. S. A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Lanzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U. S. A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Titus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Av, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U. S. A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Neva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Building 4, Room 126, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U. S. A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1982.11687545","article-title":"Parasites in Sudanese cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. Ann. trop","volume":"76","author":"Abdalla R.E.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Parasit."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Ashburner M. 1989 In Drosophila: A laboratory manual. New York: Cold Spring H arbor Laboratories."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90249-2"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.536"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"615","article-title":"La leishmaniose cutanee du Nord de l'Algerie","volume":"78","author":"Belazzoug S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol, exotique"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90087-S"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.480"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.14.4008"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.10.3091-3096.1989","article-title":"Comparison of T-cell responses in self-limiting vs. progressive visceral Leishmania donovani infections in golden hamsters","volume":"57","author":"Gifawesen C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90294-9"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.687"},{"key":"p_12","first-page":"283","article-title":"Gas-chromatographic analysis of Lutzomyia longipalpis tergal pheromone gland extract","volume":"33","author":"Hamilton J.G .","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1990.tb00255.x"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90340-2"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90187-8"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.839"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90341-4"},{"key":"p_18","first-page":"11234","article-title":"Isolation of M axadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. J. biol","volume":"266","author":"Lerner E.A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem."},{"key":"p_19","first-page":"1062","article-title":"M axadilan, cloning and functional expression of the gene encoding this potent vasodilator. J. biol","volume":"267","author":"Lerner E.A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem."},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60208-0"},{"key":"p_21","first-page":"568","article-title":"A simple technique for mass rearing Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi. J. med","volume":"20","author":"Modi G.B.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Entomol."},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.1.45","article-title":"Peptides encoded by the calcitonin gene inhibit macrophage function","volume":"143","author":"Nong Y.-H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(89)90129-8"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90734-7"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1992.tb00606.x"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.32.010187.002335"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1790(89)90046-2"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2783496"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rioux J . A. & Lanotte G. 1990 Leishmania infantum as a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 84 898.","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90120-4"},{"key":"p_30","first-page":"49","article-title":"A mouse model for Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection produced by coinjection with sandfly saliva. J. exp","volume":"173","author":"Samuelson J .","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med."},{"key":"p_31","first-page":"1592","article-title":"Leishmania infection in mice","volume":"59","author":"Theodos C.M .","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00634.x"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3344436"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761983000300005"},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young D.G. & Lawyer P.G. 1987 New World vectors of the leishmaniases. In Current topics in vector research (ed. K .F.H arris) pp. 29-71. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4712-8_2"},{"key":"p_36","unstructured":"Zeledon R. 1985 Leishmaniasis in N orth America Central America and the C aribbean islands. In Leishmaniasis (ed. K.P. C hang & R.S. Bray) pp. 313-351. Elsevier Science Publications."},{"key":"p_37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90328-3"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.1994.0097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/345\/1312\/223\/83246\/rstb.1994.0097.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/345\/1312\/223\/83246\/rstb.1994.0097.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:45:28Z","timestamp":1767357928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/345\/1312\/223\/18602\/Saliva-of-Lutzomyia-longipalpis-sibling-species"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1312","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1994.0097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,7,29]]}}}