{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:55:36Z","timestamp":1767358536082,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1328","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,29]],"date-time":"1995-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":809654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The head of adult hagfishes (jawless craniates, Myxinoidea) of the family Eptatretidae displays a number of skin grooves of uncertain origin. These grooves have been homologized to the neuromast lines of other craniates, and they are innervated by two ganglionated cranial nerves that have been interpreted as lateral line nerves. The grooves do not, however, contain the compound receptors that are typical of a lateral line (i.e. neuromasts or electroreceptors), and both their development and function have remained enigmatic. To elucidate the embryonic origin of the grooves (which should develop from placodes if they are homologues of the lateral line system), embryos of Pacific hagfish were examined by means of threedimensional reconstructions from serial sections. Because of the scarcity of specimens of embryonic hagfishes, only two embryos were reconstructed, but these reconstructions clearly show that a number of placodes and placodal derivatives (i.e. sensory ridges, receptor primordia, and cranial ganglia) occur in the head of embryonic eptatretid hagfishes. Some of these placodes correspond to the lens and epibranchial placodes of other craniates, but there are also three other placodes which represent possible homologues of lateral line placodes. The topology of the placodes in this latter group corresponds to the topology of the grooves of adult hagfishes, and we therefore reach three conclusions: (i) that an embryonic lateral line system is present in hagfishes; (ii) that the grooves of adult hagfishes in all probability derive from lateral line placodes; and (iii) that the presence of lateral line placodes is a primitive character of craniates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1995.0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T17:45:53Z","timestamp":1166204753000},"page":"119-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Ontogeny of the head of the Pacific hagfish (\n                    <i>Eptatretus stouti<\/i>\n                    , Myxinoidea): development of the lateral line system"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"349","author":[{"given":"Helmut","family":"Wicht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Zentrum der Morphologie (Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie), Arbeitsgruppe Neurobiologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt\/Main, F. R. G."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Glenn","family":"Northcutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Unit, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0201, U. S. A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1993.0082"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000070210"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.254.5032.701"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"159","article-title":"Evidence that hagfish possess a degenerate lateral line system","volume":"19","author":"Braun C. B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90003-6"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0080456800033433"},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"343","article-title":"The development of the brain of Bdellostoma stouti. I. External growth changes. J. comp","volume":"47","author":"Conel J.","year":"1929","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_8","first-page":"365","article-title":"The development of the brain of Bdellostoma stouti. II. Internal growth changes. J. comp","volume":"52","author":"Conel J.","year":"1931","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"191","article-title":"The origin of the neural crest. J. comp","volume":"76","author":"Conel J.","year":"1942","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"Dean B. 1899 On the embryology of Bdellostoma stouti. In Festschrift zum siebenzigsten Geburtstag von Carl von pp. 221-276. Jena: Fischer-Verlag."},{"key":"p_11","first-page":"33","article-title":"The Columbia University zoological expedition of 1896. With a brief account of the work of collecting in Puget Sound and on the Pacific coast","volume":"16","author":"Dean B.","year":"1897","journal-title":"Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"p_12","first-page":"105","article-title":"Bericht liber eine wissenschaftliche Reise nach Californien. (Mittheilungen liber die Erlangung von Eiern und Embryonen von Bdellostoma)","volume":"14","author":"Doflein F.","year":"1898","journal-title":"Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft fur Morphologie und Physiologie in Miinchen"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernholm B. 1969 A third embryo of M yxconsiderations on hypophyseal ontogeny and phylogeny. Acta zool. 50 169-177.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1969.tb00538.x"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(75)90215-1"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernholm B. 1985 The lateral line system of cyclostomes. In Evolutionary biology ofprimitivefishes (ed. R. E. Foreman A. ontogenies: A reaffirmation of Garstang's phylogenetic","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9453-6_7"},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Gorbman J. M. Dodd & R. Olsson) pp. 113 122. New"},{"key":"p_17","unstructured":"York: Plenum Press."},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361129a0"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/23.3.639"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorbman A. & Tamarin A. 1985 Early development of oral olfactory and adenohypophyseal structures of agnathans and its evolutionary interpretations. In Evolutionary biology ofprimitivefishes (ed. R. E. Foreman A. Gorbman J. M. Dodd & R. Olsson) pp. 165-185. New York: Plenum Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-9453-6_10"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02135237"},{"key":"p_22","unstructured":"Henning W. 1966 Phylogenetic systematics. Urbana: The University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1946.tb00019.x"},{"key":"p_24","first-page":"359","article-title":"The brain of Myxine glutinosa. J. comp","volume":"49","author":"Jansen J.","year":"1930","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1975.tb00077.x"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.1981.10011886"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1979.tb00640.x"},{"key":"p_28","unstructured":"Jefferies R. P. S. 1986 hypothesis. In Theevolutionary biology of hearing (ed. A. Popper D. Webster & R. Fay) pp. 21-47. New York: Springer-V erlag."},{"key":"p_29","first-page":"95","article-title":"6 Distribution and innervation of lateral line organs in the axolotl. J. comp","volume":"325","author":"Northcutt R. G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_30","first-page":"480","article-title":"Development of the lateral line organs in the axolotl. J. comp","volume":"340","author":"Northcutt R. G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_31","unstructured":"Peters A. 1963 The peripheral nervous system. In The biology of Myxine (ed. A. Brodal & R. Fange) pp. 92-123. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget."},{"key":"p_32","first-page":"81","article-title":"Some points in the development of a myxinoid ( Bdellostomastouti Lockington)","volume":"12","author":"Price G. C.","year":"1896","journal-title":"Anat. Anz."},{"key":"p_33","first-page":"1398","article-title":"The eye of the blind mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi. A rudiment with hidden function? Invest. Ophthal. vis","volume":"31","author":"Sanyal S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sci."},{"key":"p_34","first-page":"171","article-title":"Development of the mechanoreceptive lateral-line system in the axolotl: Placode specification, guidance of migration, and the origin of neuromast polarity","volume":"182","author":"Smith S. C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anat."},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114345"},{"key":"p_36","unstructured":"Stockard C. R. 1906a The development of the mouth and"},{"key":"p_37","unstructured":"The ancestry ofCambridge\n  :"},{"key":"p_38","unstructured":"gills in Bdellostoma stouti. Am. J. Anat. 5 481-517."},{"key":"p_39","unstructured":"British Museum of Natural History and Cambridge"},{"key":"p_40","unstructured":"University Press."},{"key":"p_41","first-page":"303","article-title":"Primary neurons of the lateral line nerves and their central projections in hagfishes. J. comp","volume":"264","author":"Kishida R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_42","unstructured":"Kupffer C. von 1900 Studien zur vergleichenden Entwicklungsgeschichte des Kopfes der Cranioten. Heft 4: Zur Kopfentwicklung von Bdellostoma. Leipzig: Verlag F. Lehmann."},{"key":"p_43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1949.tb00509.x"},{"key":"p_44","unstructured":"Lovtrup S. 1977 Thephylogeny of Vertebrata. London: Wiley."},{"key":"p_45","first-page":"377","article-title":"Anatomy of the posterior lateral line system in young larvae of zebrafish. J. comp","volume":"233","author":"Metcalfe W. K.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurol."},{"key":"p_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Northcutt R. G. 1989 The phylogenetic distribution and innervation of craniate mechanoreceptive lateral lines. In The mechanosensory lateral line: neurobiology and evolution (ed. S. Coombs P. Gorner & H. Munz) pp. 17-78. New York: Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3560-6_3"},{"key":"p_47","unstructured":"Northcutt R. G. 1992 a The phylogeny of octavolateralis"},{"key":"p_48","first-page":"91","article-title":"6 The development of the thyroid gland in Bdellostoma stouti","volume":"29","author":"Stockard C. R.","year":"1906","journal-title":"Anat. Anz."},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000060114"},{"key":"p_50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001920411"},{"key":"p_51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312059"},{"key":"p_52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000115317"},{"key":"p_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willey A. 1894 Amphioxus and the ancestry of vertebrates. New York: Macmillan & Co.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.55924"},{"key":"p_54","first-page":"137","article-title":"The descriptive anatomy of the brain and cranial nerves of Bdellostoma dombeyi. Quart. J. micr","volume":"49","author":"Worthington J.","year":"1905","journal-title":"Sci."}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.1995.0098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/349\/1328\/119\/83637\/rstb.1995.0098.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/349\/1328\/119\/83637\/rstb.1995.0098.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:53:58Z","timestamp":1767358438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/349\/1328\/119\/18767\/Ontogeny-of-the-head-of-the-Pacific-hagfish"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,29]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1328","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.1995.0098","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0962-8436"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2970"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,29]]}}}