{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:14:51Z","timestamp":1778624091198,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1354","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,29]],"date-time":"1997-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Light can be used to probe the function and structure of human tissues. We have been exploring two distinct methods: (i) externally emitting light into tissue and measuring the transmitted light to characterize a region through which the light has passed, and (ii) internally generating light within tissue and using the radiated light as a quantitative homing beacon. The emitted\u2013light approach falls within the domain of spectroscopy, and has allowed for imaging of intracranial haemorrhage in newborns and of brain function in adults. The generated\u2013light approach is conceptually parallel to positron emission tomography (PET) or nuclear medicine scanning, and has allowed for real\u2013time, non\u2013invasive monitoring and imaging of infection and gene expression\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    using low\u2013light cameras and ordinary lenses. In this paper, we discuss recent results and speculate on the applications of such techniques.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T13:23:02Z","timestamp":1033478582000},"page":"755-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Imaging brain structure and function, infection and gene expression in the body using light"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"352","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Benaron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Optics Group, Medical Free Electron Laser Program, Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory (HEPL), Department of Physics, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA 94034USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela R.","family":"Contag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biophotonics Laboratory, Grant Building, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of MedicineStanford, CA 94034USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher H.","family":"Contag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biophotonics Laboratory, Grant Building, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of MedicineStanford, CA 94034USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8451643"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2468-7_81"},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Benaron D. A. Contag C. H. Stevenson D. K. & Cheong W.-F. 1997 a Light-assisted medical diagnosis. Science. (In the press.)"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benaron D. A. van Houten J. P. Cheong W.-F. Kermit E. L. & King R. A. 1996 a Early clinical results of timeof-flight optical tomography in a neonatal intensive care unit. In Biomedical optical instrumentation and laser-assisted biotechnolog~ (ed. A. M. Verga Scheggi S. Martellucci A. N. Chester & R. Pratesi) pp. 305-324. London : Kluwer Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1750-7_26"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"161A","article-title":"b Pilot comparison of light-based optical tomography versus ultrasound for real-time imaging of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. ~","volume":"44","author":"Benaron D. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"In~est. Med."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Benaron D. A. Villringer A. Kleinschmidt A. Frahm J. Hirth C. Obrig H. van Houten J. Hintz S. R. Kermit E. L. Stevenson D. K. Cheong W.-F. 1997 b Noninvasive functional imaging of human brain using light. (In the press.)"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040593.x"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Contag C. H. Contag P. R. Spilman S. D. Stevenson D. K. & Benaron D. A. 1996 Photonic monitoring of infectious disease and gene regulation. In OSA ~OPS on biomedical optical spectroscop~ and diagnostics (ed. E. Sevick-Muraca & D. A. Benaron) pp. 220-224. Washington D.C. : Optical Society of America."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contag C. H. Spilman S. R. Contag P. R. Oshiro M. Eames B. Dennery P. Stevenson D. K. & Benaron D. A. 1997 Visualizing gene expression in living mammals using a bioluminescent reporter. Photochem. Photobiol. (In the press.)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03184.x"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopinath S. P. Robertson C. S. Grossman R. G. & Chance B. 1993 Near-infrared spectroscopic localization of intracranial hematomas. ~. ~eurosurg. 79 43-47.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.1.0043"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"Hintz S. R. Benaron D. A. van Houten J. P. Stevenson D. K. & Cheong W.-F. 1997 Bedside imaging of intracranial hemorrhage in the neonate using light : comparison with ultrasound CT and MRI. Photochem. Photobiol. (In the press.)"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooper C. E. Ansorge R. E. & Browne H. M. 1990 CCD imaging of Iuciferase gene expression in single mammalian cells. ~. Biolum. ~hemilum. 5 123-130.","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.1170050208"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.9.5045-5051.1991","article-title":"In vivo activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by UV type A (UV-A) light plus psoralen and UV-B light in the skin of transgenic mice. ~","volume":"65","author":"Morrey J. 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Series B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.1997.0059","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.1997.0059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:20:40Z","timestamp":1778620840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/352\/1354\/755-761\/19062"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"B.","family":"Chance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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