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However, in abnormal circumstances, for example in mucosal ulceration, a cell lineage with features distinct from these emerges, which has often been dismissed in the past as \u2018pyloric\u2019 metaplasia, because of its morphological resemblance to the pyloric mucosa in the stomach. However, we can conclude that this cell lineage has a defined phenotype unique in gastrointestinal epithelia, has a histogenesis that resembles that of Brunner's glands, but acquires a proliferative organization similar to that of the gastric gland. It expresses several peptides of particular interest, including epidermal growth factor, the trefoil peptides TFF1, TFF2, TFF3, lysozyme and PSTI. The presence of this lineage also appears to cause altered gene expression in adjacent indigenous cell lineages. We propose that this cell lineage is induced in gastrointestinal stem cells as a result of chronic mucosal ulceration, and plays an important part in ulcer healing; it should therefore be added to the repertoire of gastrointestinal stem cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1998.0257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T19:55:21Z","timestamp":1027713321000},"page":"925-933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Aspects of the biology of regeneration and repair in the human gastrointestinal tract"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"353","author":[{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology Unit, ICRF Laboratories,Lincoln's Inn Fields, LondonWC2A 3PX, Department of Histopathology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, LondonW12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"A512","article-title":"Expression of multiple growth factors by the ulcer-associated cell lineage","volume":"100","author":"Ahnen D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711730406"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711750408"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"A43","article-title":"Trefoil peptides protect against ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric injury in rats","volume":"106","author":"Babyatsky M. 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