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Two virus strains differing markedly in their capacity to spread and replicate inside the murine host were used. Our results reveal that very different outcomes may be observed depending on virus strain and immunocompetence of the host. Thus while CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells are not critical during the initial phase of virus control, infectious virus reappear in mice lacking CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells, B cells or CD40 ligand. Reappearance of virus is associated with impaired long\u2013term CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u2013cell mediated immune surveillance, and the time to virus resurgence is inversely correlated to the replication rate of the virus. Our studies also reveal that interferon\u2013\u03b3 is a central cytokine, and depending on the rate of virus replication, mice lacking the ability to produce interferon\u2013\u03b3\u2013 may develop either a severe, mostly fatal, T\u2013cell mediated wasting syndrome or a chronic infection characterized by long\u2013term coexistence of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes and infectious virus. Mathematical modelling indicates that these different outcomes may be explained in relatively simple mathematical terms. This suggests that modelling may be used as a means to predict critical host and virus parameters. Therefore, combining mathematical modelling with precise, quantitative, in vivo analyses looks to be a promising approach in addressing central quantitative issues in immunobiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T19:55:43Z","timestamp":1027713343000},"page":"1031-1041","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Host factors influencing viral persistence"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"355","author":[{"given":"Allan Randrup","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anneline","family":"Nansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne \u00d8rding","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Wodarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Pravsgaard","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.5.1719","article-title":"Organ-speci\u00a2c selection of viral variants during chronic infection","volume":"167","author":"Ahmed R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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