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Within retrograde amnesia, there are various dissociations which have been claimed\u2014for example, between the more autobiographical (episodic) and more semantic components of memory. However, the associations of different types of retrograde amnesia are also important, and clarification of these issues is confounded by the fact that retrograde amnesia seems to be particularly vulnerable to psychogenic factors. Large frontal and temporal lobe lesions have been postulated as critical in producing retrograde amnesia. Theories of retrograde amnesia have encompassed storage versus access disruption, physiological processes of \u2018consolidation\u2019, the progressive transformation of episodic memories into a more \u2018semantic\u2019 form, and multiple\u2013trace theory. Single\u2013case investigations, group studies and various forms of neuroimaging can all contribute to the resolution of these controversies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T19:58:30Z","timestamp":1027713510000},"page":"1409-1421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["The loss of episodic memories in retrograde amnesia: single\u2013case and group studies"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"356","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Kopelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (King's College, London), Adamson Centre, Block 8, South Wing, St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narinder","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO9 4XY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert M. 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