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High\u2013frequency presynaptic bursts result in rapidly depressing responses at most inputs onto spiny cells and onto some interneurons. These \u2018phasic\u2019 connections detect novelty and changes in the firing rate, but report frequency of maintained activity poorly. By contrast, facilitating inputs to interneurons that target dendrites produce little or no response at low frequencies, but a facilitating\u2013augmenting response to maintained firing. The neurons activated, the cells they in turn target and the properties of those synapses determine which parts of the circuit are recruited and in what temporal pattern. Inhibitory interneurons provide both temporal and spatial tuning. The \u2018forward\u2019 flow from layer\u20134 excitatory neurons to layer 3 and from 3 to 5 activates predominantly pyramids. \u2018Back\u2019 projections, from 3 to 4 and 5 to 3, do not activate excitatory cells, but target interneurons. Despite, therefore, an increasing complexity in the information integrated as it is processed through these layers, there is little \u2018contamination\u2019 by \u2018back\u2019 projections. 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