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Undertaking a later study, more than 10 years after the Gulf War, allowed us to incorporate some methodological improvements on previous research, such as the inclusion of a face-to-face health assessment where more objective health data could be collected in addition to using a postal questionnaire. Despite the different Gulf War experience for the mostly naval Australian group, there were remarkable consistencies in the patterns of multiple symptom reporting found in overseas studies, including the fact that no unique symptom clusters were identified. In general, this excess symptom reporting was not found to occur with excesses in more objective measures of physical health. These objective physical measures included a wide range of haematological, biochemical and serological markers, a physical examination, spirometry and a step test of fatigability. In contrast, several psychological disorders, including anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and substance abuse, were found to occur in excess in the Australian Gulf War group and were associated with Gulf War psychological stressors. These findings have helped raise awareness in Australia of psychological health problems in deployed military personnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]],"date-time":"2006-03-31T13:59:18Z","timestamp":1143813558000},"page":"619-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Gulf War illness: a view from Australia"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"361","author":[{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Sim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Monash UniversityAlfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Kelsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Monash UniversityAlfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs. 2003 Government response to Australian Gulf War Veterans' Health Study 2003 and report on progress in implementing the study's recommendations. 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