{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:48:14Z","timestamp":1791179294212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1556","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A chronology of dental development in\n                    <jats:italic>Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic>\n                    is arguably the best available model with which to compare and contrast reconstructed dental chronologies of the earliest fossil hominins. Establishing a time scale for growth is a requirement for being able to make further comparative observations about timing and rate during both dento-skeletal growth and brain growth. The absolute timing of anterior tooth crown and root formation appears not to reflect the period of somatic growth. In contrast, the molar dentition best reflects changes to the total growth period. Earlier initiation of molar mineralization, shorter crown formation times, less root length formed at gingival emergence into functional occlusion are cumulatively expressed as earlier ages at molar eruption. Things that are similar in modern humans and\n                    <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic>\n                    , such as the total length of time taken to form individual teeth, raise expectations that these would also have been the same in fossil hominins. The best evidence there is from the youngest fossil hominin specimens suggests a close resemblance to the model for\n                    <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic>\n                    but also hints that\n                    <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic>\n                    may be a better developmental model for some. A mosaic of great ape-like features currently best describes the timing of early hominin dental development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]],"date-time":"2010-09-20T03:46:43Z","timestamp":1284954403000},"page":"3397-3410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Retrieving chronological age from dental remains of early fossil hominins to reconstruct human growth in the past"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"365","author":[{"given":"M. Christopher","family":"Dean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(91)90114-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Aspects of dental biology; palaeontology, anthropology and evolution","author":"Anemone R. L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(92)90035-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.01010.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1940.4.2.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/326493a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Estimation of age at death of young human skeletal remains from incremental lines in dental enamel","author":"Boyde A.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Third Int. Meeting in Forensic Immunology, Medicine, Pathology and Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Boyde A.. 1964 The structure and development of mammalian enamel. PhD Thesis University of London London UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Scientific foundations of dentistry","author":"Boyde A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345790580025101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Handbook of microscopic anatomy. Vol. 2: Teeth","author":"Boyde A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Primate life history and evolution: monographs in primatology","author":"Boyde A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1467-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00840.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/317525a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9221-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330110309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(87)90076-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19710077.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Frontiers of oral biology; interdisciplinary dental morphology","author":"Dean M. C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","volume-title":"African Genesis Symp. Proc.","author":"Dean M. C."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Twelfth Int. Symp. on Dental Morphology","author":"Dean M. C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9980-9_10","volume-title":"The first humans: origin of the genus Homo","author":"Dean M. C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000156011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","volume-title":"Digital archives of human paleobiology","author":"Dean M. C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330910402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414628a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350050402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330940103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","first-page":"1053","article-title":"A radiographic study of calcification of the teeth from birth to adolescence","volume":"74","author":"Hess A. F.","year":"1932","journal-title":"Dent. Cosmos"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711513105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350230102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1899.tb06859.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0075-3_9","volume-title":"Function, phylogeny, and fossils: miocene hominoid evolution and adaptations","author":"Kelley J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Human evolution through developmental change","author":"Kelley J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906206107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(03)00005-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Frontiers of oral biology; interdisciplinary dental morphology","author":"Kelley J.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000460205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Development and calcification of the human deciduous and permanent dentition","volume":"35","author":"Kronfeld R.","year":"1935","journal-title":"The Bur"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<135::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2000.0445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330890310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"Dental enamel hypoplasia, age at death, and weaning in the Taung child","volume":"101","author":"Lacruz R. S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00938.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014969617036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Erfahrungen bei der Aufzucht von Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus) im Tierpark Berlin","volume":"47","author":"Lippert W.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Der Zoologische Garten (N.F.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Frontiers of oral biology; interdisciplinary dental morphology","author":"Liversidge H. M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<175::AID-AJPA10>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199808)106:4<425::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1974.tb03137.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"The deciduous dentition of the chimpanzee","volume":"9","author":"Nissen H. W.","year":"1945","journal-title":"Growth"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330220315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(69)90187-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350150104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","unstructured":"Preiswerk G.. 1895 Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntniss de Schmelzstrustur bei S\u00e4ugethieren mit besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung der Ungulaten. Basel Switzerland: Akadenische Buchhandlung. C. F. Lendorff."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606454104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1993.1030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Aspects of dental biology; palaeontology, anthropology and evolution.","author":"Ramirez Rozzi F. V.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.1998.0248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Defining chronological growth standards for known fractions of tooth crown height in primate anterior teeth","volume":"30","author":"Reid D. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","first-page":"486","article-title":"Bemerkungen \u00fcber den inneren Bau der Z\u00e4hne, mit besonderer R\u00fccksicht auf dem in Zahnknochen vorkommenden R\u00f6hrenbau. (M\u00fcllers)","volume":"1837","author":"Retzius A.","year":"1837","journal-title":"Arch. Anat. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Enamel apposition rate and the prism periodicity in human teeth","volume":"94","author":"Risnes S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand. J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330940108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330070218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330190417"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Fetal growth and development of the rhesus monkey","volume":"26","author":"Schultz A. H.","year":"1937","journal-title":"Contrib. Embryol. Carneg. Inst."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Growth and development of the chimpanzee","volume":"28","author":"Schultz A. H.","year":"1940","journal-title":"Contrib. Embryol. Carneg. Inst."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012073601808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A faithful record of stressful life events preserved in the dental developmental record of a juvenile gorilla","volume":"27","author":"Schwartz G. T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Primatol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(84)90175-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Faithful records of biological rhythms in dental hard tissues","volume":"162","author":"Shinoda H.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem. Today"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_1","volume-title":"Atlas of radiographs of early man","author":"Skinner M. F.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04266.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Dental development in the Ta\u00ef forest chimpanzees reappraised","volume":"138","author":"Smith T. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Nonhuman primate models for human growth and development","author":"Swindler D. R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345720510028301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2001.0507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350240307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330460203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000156864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199601)99:1<205::AID-AJPA12>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402635101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2007.00301.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1928.tb07138.x","article-title":"Age changes in the chimpanzee, with special reference to growth of the brain, eruption of the teeth and estimation of age; with a note on the Taungs ape","volume":"96","author":"Zuckerman S.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond."}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:19:22Z","timestamp":1778620762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/365\/1556\/3397-3410\/21395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1556","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rstb.2010.0052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2010.0052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}