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With ageing, lens proteins undergo non-enzymatic, post-translational modification and the accumulation of fluorescent chromophores, increasing susceptibility to oxidation and cross-linking and increased light-scatter. Because the human lens grows throughout life, the lens core is exposed for a longer period to such influences and the risk of oxidative damage increases in the fourth decade when a barrier to the transport of glutathione forms around the lens nucleus. Consequently, as the lens ages, its transparency falls and the nucleus becomes more rigid, resisting the change in shape necessary for accommodation. This is the basis of presbyopia. In some individuals, the steady accumulation of chromophores and complex, insoluble crystallin aggregates in the lens nucleus leads to the formation of a brown nuclear cataract. The process is homogeneous and the affected lens fibres retain their gross morphology. Cortical opacities are due to changes in membrane permeability and enzyme function and shear-stress damage to lens fibres with continued accommodative effort. Unlike nuclear cataract, progression is intermittent, stepwise and non-uniform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,14]],"date-time":"2011-03-14T03:28:50Z","timestamp":1300073330000},"page":"1278-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":394,"title":["The ageing lens and cataract: a model of normal and pathological ageing"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"366","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Michael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Laforja 88, 08021 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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