{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T21:40:20Z","timestamp":1781818820581,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1604","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]],"date-time":"2012-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Finch trichomonosis, caused by the protozoal parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Trichomonas gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was first recognized as an emerging infectious disease of British passerines in 2005. The first year of seasonal epidemic mortality occurred in 2006 with significant declines of greenfinch\n                    <jats:italic>Carduelis chloris<\/jats:italic>\n                    and chaffinch\n                    <jats:italic>Fringilla coelebs<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. Here, we demonstrate that large-scale mortality, principally of greenfinch, continued in subsequent years, 2007\u20132009, with a shifting geographical distribution across the British Isles over time. Consequent to the emergence of finch trichomonosis, the breeding greenfinch population in Great Britain has declined from\n                    <jats:italic>ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    4.3 million to\n                    <jats:italic>ca<\/jats:italic>\n                    2.8 million birds and the maximum mean number of greenfinches (a proxy for flock size) visiting gardens has declined by 50 per cent. The annual rate of decline of the breeding greenfinch population within England has exceeded 7 per cent since the initial epidemic. Although initially chaffinch populations were regionally diminished by the disease, this has not continued. Retrospective analyses of disease surveillance data showed a rapid, widespread emergence of finch trichomonosis across Great Britain in 2005 and we hypothesize that the disease emerged by\n                    <jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    jumping from columbiforms to passeriforms. Further investigation is required to determine the continuing impact of finch trichomonosis and to develop our understanding of how protozoal diseases jump host species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,10]],"date-time":"2012-09-10T03:24:08Z","timestamp":1347247448000},"page":"2852-2863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["The emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the British Isles"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Becki","family":"Lawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Colvile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsi M.","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Chantrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom W.","family":"Pennycott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Surveillance Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5AE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor R.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Jollys Bottom Farm, Chacewater, Truro, Cornwall TR4 8PB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike P.","family":"Toms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.1.1327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080551197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8790.2004.00807.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/9780813804620.ch6","volume-title":"Parasitic diseases of wild birds","author":"Forrester D. 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H. et al. 2009 Countryside Bird Survey Report 1998\u20132007. pp. 1\u201321. Wicklow Ireland: BirdWatch Ireland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Baillie S. R. et al. 2010 Breeding birds in the wider countryside: their conservation status 2010. BTO Research Report No. 565. Thetford Norfolk UK: BTO. See http:\/\/www.bto.org\/birdtrends."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"817","article-title":"Songbird carcasses disappear rapidly from agricultural fields","volume":"103","author":"Balcomb R.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-28.4.548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Finches","author":"Newton I.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.19.563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0301.970110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"The migration atlas: movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland","author":"Wernham C.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"Trichomoniasis in finches from the Canadian maritime provinces: an emerging disease","volume":"51","author":"Forz\u00e1n M. 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J."}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0130","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0130","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:22:18Z","timestamp":1778620938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/367\/1604\/2852-2863\/21991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1604","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rstb.2012.0130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0130","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-10-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}