{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:32:08Z","timestamp":1791855128212,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1623","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4383,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]],"date-time":"2013-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global efforts to address neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) were stimulated in January 2012 by the London declaration at which 22 partners, including the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO) and major pharmaceutical companies committed to sustaining and expanding NTD programmes to eliminate or eradicate 11 NTDs by 2020 to achieve the goals outlined in the recently published WHO road map. Here, we present the current context of preventive chemotherapy for some NTDs, and discuss the problems faced by programmes as they consider the \u2018endgame\u2019, such as difficulties of access to populations in post-conflict settings, limited human and financial resources, and the need to expand access to clean water and improved sanitation for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. In the case of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, ivermectin treatment carries a significant risk owing to serious adverse effects in some patients co-infected with the tropical eye worm Loa loa filariasis. We discuss the challenges of managing complex partnerships, and maintain advocacy messages for the continued support for elimination of these preventable diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T21:27:42Z","timestamp":1372109262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Preventive chemotherapy as a strategy for elimination of neglected tropical parasitic diseases: endgame challenges"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"368","author":[{"given":"Moses J.","family":"Bockarie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":",","place":["UK"],"department":["Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Kelly-Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":",","place":["UK"],"department":["Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rebollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":",","place":["UK"],"department":["Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Molyneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":",","place":["UK"],"department":["Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","reference":[{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C1","volume-title":"Preventive chemotherapy in human helminths. Coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: a manual for health professionals and programme managers","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C2","volume-title":"Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-234","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases and the millennium development goals: why the \u2018other diseases\u2019 matter: reality versus rhetoric","volume":"4","author":"Molyneux,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C4","first-page":"113","article-title":"Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: summary","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiol. Record","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-23","article-title":"The \u2018neglected tropical diseases\u2019: now a brand identity; responsibilities, context and promise","volume":"5","author":"Molyneux,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C6","volume-title":"Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases \u2013 a roadmap for implementation executive summary","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C7","volume-title":"Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C8","volume-title":"The onchocerciasis control programme in Africa","author":"Samba,","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.08.027","article-title":"Onchocerciasis control and elimination: coming of age in resource-constrained health systems","volume":"21","author":"Molyneux,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)61009-3","article-title":"Control of onchocerciasis","volume":"61","author":"Boatin,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80017-4","article-title":"The African programme for onchocerciasis control: preparing to launch","volume":"11","author":"Remme,","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002032","article-title":"African programme for onchocerciasis control 1995\u20132015: model-estimated health impact and cost","volume":"7","author":"Coffeng,","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.003","article-title":"Elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa: possible?","volume":"27","author":"Mackenzie,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000673","article-title":"APOC's strategy of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) and its potential for providing additional health services to the poorest populations","volume":"96","author":"Homeida,","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.069203","article-title":"Community-directed interventions for priority health problems in Africa: results of a multicountry study","volume":"88","author":"The CDI Study Group","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-205","article-title":"Onchocerciasis in the Americas: from arrival to (near) elimination","volume":"4","author":"Gustavsen,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.334","article-title":"Elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala","volume":"77","author":"Lindblade,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.594","article-title":"Current status of onchocerciasis in Colombia","volume":"58","author":"Corredor,","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C19","first-page":"417","article-title":"InterAmerican Conference on Onchocerciasis, 2010: progress towards eliminating river blindness in the WHO Region of the Americas","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiol. Record","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000404","article-title":"Successful interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in the Escuintla\u2013Guatemala focus, Guatemala","volume":"3","author":"Gonzalez,","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e497","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000497","article-title":"Feasibility of onchocerciasis elimination with ivermectin treatment in endemic foci in Africa: first evidence from studies in Mali and Senegal","volume":"3","author":"Diawara,","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-53","article-title":"Long term impact of large scale community-directed delivery of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis","volume":"5","author":"Tamarozzi,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06899-4","article-title":"Severe reactions to filarial chemotherapy and release of Wolbachia endosymbionts into blood","volume":"358","author":"Cross,","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000247591.13671.6a","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: challenges for control, treatment and drug resistance","volume":"19","author":"Fenwick,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C25","article-title":"Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination","author":"Rollinson,","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.26719\/2011.17.3.250","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in Morocco: from discovery to after elimination","volume":"17","author":"Barkia,","year":"2011","journal-title":"East. Mediterr. Health J."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)72007-8","article-title":"Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic","volume":"72","author":"Muth,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.04.011","article-title":"Control of Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia: results of eight years of control activities in the two endemic provinces","volume":"101","author":"Sinuon,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C29","first-page":"81","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: number of people treated in 2011","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiol. Record","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00121-2","article-title":"From Katayama to the Dakhla Oasis: the beginning of epidemiology and control of bilharzia","volume":"77","author":"Jordan,","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C31","first-page":"357","article-title":"Course of urinary schistosomiasis over 3 consecutive years after treatment with metrifonate in a dry savanna village in Upper Volta","volume":"44","author":"Sellin,","year":"1984","journal-title":"M\u00e9d. Trop."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.048694","article-title":"Two-year impact of single praziquantel treatment on infection in the national control programme on schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso","volume":"86","author":"Tour\u00e9,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000897","article-title":"Observed reductions in Schistosoma mansoni transmission from large-scale administration of praziquantel in Uganda: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"4","author":"French,","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"(Suppl. 1)","key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.06.005","article-title":"Public\u2013private partnerships: an overview","volume":"99","author":"Widdus,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61749-9","article-title":"Programmes, partnerships, and governance for elimination and control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"375","author":"Liese,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C36","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis. Progress report 2000\u20132009 and strategic plan 2010\u20132020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"issue":"(Suppl. 1)","key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000646","article-title":"The challenges of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) within the African programme for onchocerciasis control (APOC)","volume":"96","author":"Amazigo,","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.480","article-title":"Determinants of success in national programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a perspective identifying essential elements and research needs","volume":"79","author":"Kyelem,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005940","article-title":"Rapid mapping of schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases in the context of integrated control programmes in Africa","volume":"136","author":"Brooker,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.12.016","article-title":"Filaria control and elimination: diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance needs","volume":"103","author":"Molyneux,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11094-1","article-title":"Serious reactions after mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in an area endemic for Loa loa infection","volume":"350","author":"Gardon,","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"(Suppl. 1)","key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-S1-S4","article-title":"Clinical picture, epidemiology and outcome of Loa-associated serious adverse events related to mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon","volume":"2","author":"Boussinesq,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Filaria J."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906X112194","article-title":"Loiasis","volume":"100","author":"Boussinesq,","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090626","article-title":"Role of vector control in the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis","volume":"54","author":"Bockarie,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70148-2","article-title":"Malaria and lymphatic filariasis: the case for integrated vector management","volume":"13","author":"van den Berg,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C46","first-page":"377","article-title":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report on mass drug administration, 2010","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiol. Rec.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001210","article-title":"The geographic distribution of Loa loa in Africa: results of large-scale implementation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA)","volume":"5","author":"Zour\u00e9,","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-178","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo; micro-stratification overlap mapping (MOM) as a prerequisite for control and surveillance","volume":"4","author":"Kelly-Hope,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-9-3","article-title":"Does mass drug administration for the integrated treatment of neglected tropical diseases really work? Assessing evidence for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Uganda","volume":"9","author":"Parker,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Res. Policy Syst."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C50","article-title":"Will mass drug administration eliminate lymphatic filariasis? Evidence from Northern Coastal Tanzania","author":"Parker,","journal-title":"J. Biosoc. Sci."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002462","article-title":"Impact of long-term ivermectin (Mectizan\u00ae) on Wuchereria bancrofti and Mansonella perstans infections in Burkina Faso: strategic and policy implications","volume":"97","author":"Kyelem,","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01489.x","article-title":"Short communication: impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia","volume":"10","author":"Kyelem,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.466","article-title":"Community-wide reduction in prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths as a collateral benefit of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs","volume":"71","author":"De Rochars,","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-299","article-title":"Soil transmitted helminths and scabies in Zanzibar, Tanzania following mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis\u2014a rapid assessment methodology to assess impact","volume":"5","author":"Mohammed,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v53i1.220","article-title":"Effect of repeated mass chemotherapy for filariasis control on soil-transmitted helminth infections in Sri Lanka","volume":"53","author":"Gunawardena,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. J."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391429-3.00008-3","article-title":"Assessment and monitoring of onchocerciasis in Latin America","volume":"77","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01841.x","article-title":"Risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm in urban farming communities in western C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","volume":"12","author":"Matthys,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-259","article-title":"Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of Anopheles-transmitted filariasis","volume":"5","author":"De Souza,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C59","article-title":"La Filariose de Bancroft en Afrique de l'Ouest. Thesis Doctorat en sciences naturelles ORSTOM Memoires No. 79. Paris, France","author":"Brengues,","year":"1975"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66591-9","article-title":"Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"365","author":"Taylor,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60586-7","article-title":"Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis","volume":"376","author":"Taylor,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125001735","article-title":"The use of spatial analysis in mapping the distribution of bancroftian filariasis in four West African countries","volume":"96","author":"Gyapong,","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-6-12","article-title":"The geographical distribution of lymphatic filariasis infection in Malawi","volume":"6","author":"Ngwira,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Filaria J."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X361990","article-title":"Rapid assessment of the geographical distribution of Mansonella perstans infections in Uganda, by screening schoolchildren for microfilariae","volume":"99","author":"Onapa,","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12743554760469","article-title":"Factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis in two peri-urban communities in south-western Nigeria","volume":"104","author":"Ugbomoiko,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmp106","article-title":"Schistosomiasis haematobium prevalence and risk factors in a school-age population of peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"56","author":"Agnew-Blais,","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C67","article-title":"Schistosomiasis progress report 2001\u20132011 and strategic plan 2012\u20132020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800135","article-title":"A strategy to control transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China","volume":"360","author":"Wang,","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-07","article-title":"Current status of vaccines for schistosomiasis","volume":"21","author":"McManus,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.03.007","article-title":"The elimination of the onchocerciasis vector from the island of Bioko as a result of larviciding by the WHO African programme for onchocerciasis control","volume":"111","author":"Traor\u00e9,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.04.001","article-title":"The elimination of the vector Simulium neavei from the Itwara onchocerciasis focus in Uganda by ground larviciding","volume":"111","author":"Garms,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7448.1129","article-title":"Linking disease control programmes in rural Africa: a pro-poor strategy to reach Abuja targets and millennium development goals","volume":"328","author":"Molyneux,","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90031-2","article-title":"Eradication of Wuchereria bancrofti infection through vector control","volume":"73","author":"Webber,","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C74","article-title":"Long lasting insecticidal nets alone can reduce transmission of lymphatic filariasis in south east Nigeria","author":"Emukah,","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(Suppl. 2)","key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125002437","article-title":"Impact of insecticide-treated materials on filaria transmission by the various species of vector mosquito in Africa","volume":"96","author":"Pedersen,","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-134","article-title":"The impact of mass drug administration and long-lasting insecticidal net distribution on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans and mosquitoes: an observational study in northern Uganda","volume":"4","author":"Ashton,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C77","first-page":"82","article-title":"Introduction of an integrated community-based bancroftian filariasis control program into the Mt Bosavi region of the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea","volume":"37","author":"Prybylski,","year":"1994","journal-title":"P. N. G. Med. J."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90073-N","article-title":"Effects of untreated bed nets on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and Wuchereria bancrofti in Papua New Guinea","volume":"84","author":"Burkot,","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-122","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in southern African Anopheles funestus extends to Likoma Island in Lake Malawi","volume":"3","author":"Hunt,","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11872","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011872","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in an Anopheles funestus population from Uganda","volume":"5","author":"Morgan,","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900785","article-title":"Global status of DDT and its alternatives for use in vector control to prevent disease","volume":"117","author":"Van den Berg,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.45.1.371","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease","volume":"45","author":"Hemingway,","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.08.004","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in African Anopheline mosquitoes: what are the implications for malaria control?","volume":"27","author":"Ranson,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-39","article-title":"Can malaria vector control accelerate the interruption of lymphatic filariasis transmission in Africa; capturing a window of opportunity?","volume":"6","author":"Kelly-Hope,","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000317","article-title":"The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: health impact after 8 years","volume":"2","author":"Ottesen,","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-930","article-title":"Study and implementation of urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba islands) using an integrated multidisciplinary approach","volume":"12","author":"Knopp,","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.06.010","article-title":"Notes on the use of urine-CCA dipsticks for detection of intestinal schistosomiasis in preschool children","volume":"106","author":"Navaratnam,","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000023","article-title":"Antiparasitic drugs for paediatrics: systematic review, formulations, pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy and implications for control","volume":"138","author":"Keiser,","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-39","article-title":"Community-directed delivery of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis in Cameroon","volume":"2","author":"Wanji,","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60942-8","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection and efficacy of ivermectin in endemic communities in Ghana: a two-phase epidemiological study","volume":"369","author":"Osei-Atweneboana,","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e501","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000501","article-title":"Co-authorship network analysis: a powerful tool for strategic planning of research, development and capacity building programs on neglected diseases","volume":"3","author":"Morel,","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026010103022218200_RSTB20120144C92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1020","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001020","article-title":"Research and capacity building for control of neglected tropical diseases: the need for a different approach","volume":"5","author":"Kariuki,","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0144\/105270\/rstb.2012.0144.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0144\/105270\/rstb.2012.0144.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T08:02:30Z","timestamp":1767254550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/368\/1623\/20120144\/22155\/Preventive-chemotherapy-as-a-strategy-for"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1623","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2012.0144","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-08-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20120144"}}