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The availability of genome sequence data for many RNA viruses, in principle, could be used to infer ecological dynamics if changes in population numbers produced a lasting signature within the pattern of genome evolution. As a result, the rapidly emerging phylogeographic structure of a pathogen, shaped by the rise and fall in the number of infections and their spatial distribution, could be used as a surrogate for direct ecological assessments. Based on rabies virus as our example, we use a model combining ecological and evolutionary processes to test whether variation in the rate of host movement results in predictive diagnostic patterns of pathogen genetic structure. We identify several linearizable relationships between host dispersal rate and measures of phylogenetic structure suggesting genetic information can be used to directly infer ecological process. We also find phylogenetic structure may be more revealing than demography for certain ecological processes. Our approach extends the reach of current analytic frameworks for infectious disease dynamics by linking phylogeography back to underlying ecological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T20:49:31Z","timestamp":1360010971000},"page":"20120194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular evolutionary signatures reveal the role of host ecological dynamics in viral disease emergence and spread"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"368","author":[{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Duke-Sylvester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA"},{"name":"Center for Disease Ecology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Biek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research and Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"},{"name":"Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Ecology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"The ecological theater and the evolutionary play","author":"Hutchinson GE","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)88991-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02017.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/146.2.723","article-title":"The probability of fixation in populations of changing size","volume":"146","author":"Otto SP","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03413.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608379104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241391498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.24.10015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"313","article-title":"Rates and dates of divergence between AIDS virus nucleotide-sequences","volume":"5","author":"Li WH","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol. 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