{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T01:11:51Z","timestamp":1789953111364,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1660","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]],"date-time":"2015-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Leopard complex spotting is inherited by the incompletely dominant locus,\n                    <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which also causes congenital stationary night blindness in homozygous horses. We investigated an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the\n                    <jats:italic>TRPM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in 96 archaeological bones from 31 localities from Late Pleistocene (approx. 17 000 YBP) to medieval times. The first genetic evidence of\n                    <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic>\n                    spotting in Europe dates back to the Pleistocene. We tested for temporal changes in the\n                    <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated allele frequency and estimated coefficients of selection by means of approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results show that at least some of the observed frequency changes are congruent with shifts in artificial selection pressure for the leopard complex spotting phenotype. In early domestic horses from Kirklareli\u2013Kanligecit (Turkey) dating to 2700\u20132200 BC, a remarkably high number of leopard spotted horses (six of 10 individuals) was detected including one adult homozygote. However,\n                    <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic>\n                    seems to have largely disappeared during the late Bronze Age, suggesting selection against this phenotype in early domestic horses. During the Iron Age,\n                    <jats:italic>LP<\/jats:italic>\n                    reappeared, probably by reintroduction into the domestic gene pool from wild animals. This picture of alternating selective regimes might explain how genetic diversity was maintained in domestic animals despite selection for specific traits at different times.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T23:02:08Z","timestamp":1418079728000},"page":"20130386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Twenty-five thousand years of fluctuating selection on leopard complex spotting and congenital night blindness in horses"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"370","author":[{"given":"Arne","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Reissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Benecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction and the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Sandoval-Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cieslak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria G.","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Xeolog\u00eda (IUX), A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Morales-Mu\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Archaeozoology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hofreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK"},{"name":"Adaptive and Evolutionary Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-24, 14476 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Pruvost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Mosaiques Romaines de Tunisie","author":"Fradier G","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"The art of medieval Spain AD 500\u20131200","author":"Williams JW","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"537","volume-title":"Homenaje al Profesor Eloy B. 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