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Upon exiting the cell cycle, most cell types in the human body convert their centrioles into basal bodies, which drive the assembly of primary cilia, involved in sensing and signal transduction at the cell surface. Centrosomal genes are targeted by mutations in numerous human developmental disorders, ranging from diseases exclusively affecting brain development, through global growth failure syndromes to diverse pathologies associated with ciliary malfunction. Despite our much-improved understanding of centrosome function in cellular processes, we know remarkably little of its role in the organismal context, especially in mammals. In this review, we examine how centrosome dysfunction impacts on complex physiological processes and speculate on the challenges we face when applying knowledge generated from\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    model systems to human development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T23:56:05Z","timestamp":1405986965000},"page":"20130468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Small organelle, big responsibility: the role of centrosomes in development and disease"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"369","author":[{"given":"Pavithra L.","family":"Chavali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, 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