{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:07:15Z","timestamp":1789920435254,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1673","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,19]],"date-time":"2015-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antagonistic coevolution between maternal and fetal genes, and between maternally and paternally derived genes may have increased mammalian vulnerability to cancer. Placental trophoblast has evolved to invade maternal tissues and evade structural and immunological constraints on its invasion. These adaptations can be co-opted by cancer in intrasomatic selection. Imprinted genes of maternal and paternal origin favour different degrees of proliferation of particular cell types in which they reside. As a result, the set of genes favouring greater proliferation will be selected to evade controls on cell-cycle progression imposed by the set of genes favouring lesser proliferation. The dynamics of stem cell populations will be a particular focus of this intragenomic conflict. Gene networks that are battlegrounds of intragenomic conflict are expected to be less robust than networks that evolve in the absence of conflict. By these processes, maternal\u2013fetal and intragenomic conflicts may undermine evolved defences against cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]],"date-time":"2015-06-10T14:10:25Z","timestamp":1433945425000},"page":"20140178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Maternal\u2013fetal conflict, genomic imprinting and mammalian vulnerabilities to cancer"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"370","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Haig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00012-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1464793106007056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)00602-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(02)00249-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"592","article-title":"Reviews of recent books. Tumeurs du placenta et tumeurs placentaires (placentomes malins). Par Dr. Paul Briquel","volume":"4","author":"Anonymous","year":"1903","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Brit. Emp."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"Contribution to a discussion upon the parasitology of malignant growths (on Syncytioma malignum)","volume":"20","author":"Adami JG","year":"1902","journal-title":"Clin. J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1003","article-title":"On the specific character of malignant neoplasia","volume":"2","author":"Bell WB","year":"1925","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.104.2700.302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"3476","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin in human neoplastic cells","volume":"36","author":"McManus LM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041360309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951015)76:8<1299::AID-CNCR2820760802>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gan046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-2-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60669-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(96)00169-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90731-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01478287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"5217","article-title":"Identification of genes overexpressed in tumors through preferential expression screening in trophoblasts","volume":"54","author":"Chassin D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-09065-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511750847.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"\u00dcber die sogenannten \u2018decidualen\u2019 Geschw\u00fclste im Anschluss an normale Geburt, Abort, Blasenmole und Extrauterinschwangerschaft","volume":"1","author":"Marchand F","year":"1895","journal-title":"Monatsschr. Gerburtsh. Gyn\u00e4kol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"\u00dcber das maligne Chorion-Epitheliom, nebst Mittheilung von 2 neuen F\u00e4llen","volume":"39","author":"Marchand F","year":"1898","journal-title":"Z. Geburtsh. Gyn\u00e4kol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"\u00dcber die Einbettung des menschlichen Eies und das fr\u00fcheste bisher bekannte menschliche Placentationsstadium","author":"Peters H","year":"1899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2098.621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)89936-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Abstract of a lecture on the problems of cancer","volume":"2","author":"Beard J","year":"1904","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)42822-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a090749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12229-008-9012-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277900900201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/418300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546198.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.1996.9030357.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"316","article-title":"Advanced abdominal pregnancy. Review of the recent literature and report of a case","volume":"17","author":"Bright AS","year":"1961","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07830.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511750847.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.091105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198706000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240270105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1903.tb11781.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/268633a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/60.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23941-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33244-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174313408X259427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1740"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Genomic imprinting","author":"Trivers R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Genomic imprinting and the theory of parent-offspring conflict","volume":"3","author":"Haig D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sem. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-09-0317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-11-0220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","first-page":"50","article-title":"The hallmarks of CDKN1C (p57, KIP2) in cancer","volume":"1816","author":"Kavanagh E","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.8.973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2008.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1096-171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33453","article-title":"CDKN1C (p57Kip2 ) analysis in Beckwith\u2013Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients: genotype-phenotype correlations, novel mutations, and polymorphisms","volume":"152","author":"Romanelli V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2013-101691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1093-143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-008-0377-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.23.3115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2009.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-005-1154-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Developmental and functional biology of the primate fetal adrenal cortex","volume":"18","author":"Mesiano S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-861549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1710209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63846-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.12.6186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2013.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","first-page":"R189","article-title":"An imprinted gene network that controls mammalian somatic growth deceleration in multiple organs","volume":"295","author":"Lui JC","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.175919.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01958638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690802044076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-380866-0.60006-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950101)75:1 <395::AID-CNCR2820751321>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38971-9_2","volume-title":"Pediatric germ cell tumors","author":"Poynter JN","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.2627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Frequency and types of tumors in mammals and birds of the Philadelphia Zoological Garden","volume":"19","author":"Lombard LS","year":"1959","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/59.1.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13436.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emph\/eou022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812471543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/11.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02233.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-11-91"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","first-page":"633","article-title":"Problems of comparative oncology with special reference to the veterinary aspects","volume":"26","author":"Cotchin E","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull. WHO"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909606106"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2014.0178","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rstb.2014.0178","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2014.0178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:23:18Z","timestamp":1778620998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/22553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,19]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1673","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rstb.2014.0178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2014.0178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-03-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}