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In the early embryo, pluripotent stem cells represent progenitors for all tissues while later in development, tissue-restricted stem cells give rise to cells with highly specialized functions. As best understood in the blood, skin and gut, stem cells are the seeds that sustain tissue homeostasis and regeneration, while in other tissues like the muscle, liver, kidney and lung, various stem or progenitor cells play facultative roles in tissue repair and response to injury. Here, I will provide a brief perspective on the evolving notion of cellular identity and how reprogramming and transcription factor-mediated conversions of one cell type into another have fundamentally altered our assumptions about the stability of cell identity, with profound long-term implications for biomedical research and regenerative medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T13:51:57Z","timestamp":1443621117000},"page":"20140376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Stem cells and the evolving notion of cellular identity"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"370","author":[{"given":"George Q.","family":"Daley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3570877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Till JE McCulloch EA. 1961 A direct measurement of the radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells. 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