{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:46:30Z","timestamp":1783014390368,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1697","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]],"date-time":"2016-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["095183\/Z\/10\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["095183\/Z\/10\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT091467MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT091467MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000364","name":"Stroke Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is understood to be active when observers perceive three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, it is not clear how central this activity is in the construction of 3D spatial representations. Here, we examine whether PPC is essential for two aspects of visual depth perception by testing patients with lesions affecting this region. First, we measured subjects' ability to discriminate depth structure in various 3D surfaces and objects using binocular disparity. Patients with lesions to right PPC (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3) exhibited marked perceptual deficits on these tasks, whereas those with left hemisphere lesions (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2) were able to reliably discriminate depth as accurately as control subjects. Second, we presented an ambiguous 3D stimulus defined by structure from motion to determine whether PPC lesions influence the rate of bistable perceptual alternations. Patients' percept durations for the 3D stimulus were generally within a normal range, although the two patients with bilateral PPC lesions showed the fastest perceptual alternation rates in our sample. Intermittent stimulus presentation reduced the reversal rate similarly across subjects. Together, the results suggest that PPC plays a causal role in both inferring and maintaining the perception of 3D structure with stereopsis supported primarily by the right hemisphere, but do not lend support to the view that PPC is a critical contributor to bistable perceptual alternations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the themed issue \u2018Vision in our three-dimensional world\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T21:53:50Z","timestamp":1465250030000},"page":"20150263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Lesions to right posterior parietal cortex impair visual depth perception from disparity but not motion cues"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"371","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2053-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidan P.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20838, USA"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Leopold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20838, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glyn W.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Welchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.319"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2010.519699"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01290.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01316.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","first-page":"336","article-title":"Stereopsis and unilateral brain disease","volume":"17","author":"Hamsher K","year":"1978","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/14.6.537"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(83)90007-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(72)90146-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.4.569"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1919.02180040002001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.20.11.1084"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(69)90042-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/231394a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00200800"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312538"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf032"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100402"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.5.652"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.06.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4753-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200107200-00043"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00459-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0056880"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33688"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-13-04809.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001204)428:1<112::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902480204"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073574"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81040-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn701"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn056"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0367"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200403010-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/148485"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","volume-title":"The Birmingham Cognitive Screen (BCoS)","author":"Humphreys G","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199803000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3629-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01074.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02411959"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00536-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0602-851"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1963.17.2.439"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.0043"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","first-page":"115","article-title":"Measuring subjective visual perception in the nonhuman primate","volume":"10","author":"Leopold D","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Conscious. Stud"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0845"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460030304"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1995.1012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194544"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194545"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.4.404"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(75)90265-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4403-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg248"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4853-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012608"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00336"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290701734721"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02324765"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1992.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1993.tb00442.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0361"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90359.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90167-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1325.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00097-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.08.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-06-02198.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_90_2","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of temporal resolution of attention","author":"Howard CJ","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2010.497727"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1683"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4684-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00590-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.5.1105"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt214"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10008"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800000444"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5765"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/3.10.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1709"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3620-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1418-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1727-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.3.456"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.3.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2413-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/11.2.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00252.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4171-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221945110"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290512"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1967.tb01068.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-004-0472-8"}],"container-title":["Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0263","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0263","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0263","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T21:20:21Z","timestamp":1778620821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rstb\/article\/22938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1697","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rstb.2015.0263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2015.0263","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8436","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}