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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes not only adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATL), but also inflammatory diseases including HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-1 transmits primarily through cell-to-cell contact, and generates abundant infected cells in the host in order to survive and transmit to a new host. The resulting high proviral load is closely associated with the development of ATL and inflammatory diseases. To increase the number of infected cells, HTLV-1 changes the immunophenotype of infected cells, induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through the cooperative actions of two viral genes,\n                    <jats:italic>tax<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>HTLV-1 bZIP factor<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>HBZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). As a result, infected cells survive, proliferate and infiltrate into the tissues, which is critical for transmission of the virus. Thus, the strategy of this virus is indivisibly linked with its pathogenesis, providing a clue for prevention and treatment of HTLV-1-induced diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the themed issue \u2018Human oncogenic viruses\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T20:10:59Z","timestamp":1505160659000},"page":"20160272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1: parasitism and pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"372","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2624-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles R. 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