{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:25:20Z","timestamp":1778624720376,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1737","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TEKES TUTLI"},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alongside cancer cells, tumours exhibit a complex stroma containing a repertoire of cells, matrix molecules and soluble factors that actively crosstalk between each other. Recognition of this multifaceted concept of the tumour microenvironment (TME) calls for authentic TME mimetics to study cancer\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Traditionally, tumourigenesis has been investigated in non-human, three-dimensional rat type I collagen containing organotypic discs or by means of mouse sarcoma-derived gel, such as Matrigel\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    . However, the molecular compositions of these simplified assays do not properly simulate human TME. Here, we review the main properties and benefits of using human leiomyoma discs and their matrix Myogel for\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays. Myoma discs are practical for investigating the invasion of cancer cells, as are cocultures of cancer and stromal cells in a stiff, hypoxic TME mimetic. Myoma discs contain soluble factors and matrix molecules commonly present in neoplastic stroma. In Transwell, IncuCyte, spheroid and sandwich assays, cancer cells move faster and form larger colonies in Myogel than in Matrigel\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Additionally, Myogel can replace Matrigel\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    in hanging-drop and tube-formation assays. Myogel also suits three-dimensional drug testing and extracellular vesicle interactions. To conclude, we describe the application of our myoma-derived matrices in 3D\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    cancer assays.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the discussion meeting issue \u2018Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T20:10:17Z","timestamp":1511208617000},"page":"20160482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Organotypic three-dimensional assays based on human leiomyoma\u2013derived matrices"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"373","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6039-0088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuula","family":"Salo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 0014, Finland"},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 0014, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio Rocha","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Pathology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehsanul Hoque","family":"Apu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Alahuhta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Tuomainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 0014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Vasara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 0014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 0014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160387"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22766"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"300","article-title":"Guidelines for the selection of functional assays to evaluate the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"1866","author":"Menyh\u00e1rt O","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. 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