{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:30:04Z","timestamp":1787319004894,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1745","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# G16AC00106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# G16AC00106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation","award":["# UT140699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# UT140699"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Providing food to wildlife during periods when natural food is limited results in aggregations that may facilitate disease transmission. This is exemplified in western Wyoming where institutional feeding over the past century has aimed to mitigate wildlife\u2013livestock conflict and minimize winter mortality of elk (\n                    <jats:italic>Cervus canadensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Here we review research across 23 winter feedgrounds where the most studied disease is brucellosis, caused by the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Traditional veterinary practices (vaccination, test-and-slaughter) have thus far been unable to control this disease in elk, which can spill over to cattle. Current disease-reduction efforts are being guided by ecological research on elk movement and density, reproduction, stress, co-infections and scavengers. Given the right tools, feedgrounds could provide opportunities for adaptive management of brucellosis through regular animal testing and population-level manipulations. Our analyses of several such manipulations highlight the value of a research\u2013management partnership guided by hypothesis testing, despite the constraints of the sociopolitical environment. However, brucellosis is now spreading in unfed elk herds, while other diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease) are of increasing concern at feedgrounds. Therefore experimental closures of feedgrounds, reduced feeding and lower elk populations merit consideration.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host\u2013parasite dynamics in wildlife\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T20:10:14Z","timestamp":1520885414000},"page":"20170093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Winter feeding of elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and its effects on disease dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"373","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin G.","family":"Cotterill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul C.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, Suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric K.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Elk Refuge, PO Box 510, Jackson, WY 83001, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K.","family":"Fuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 432 Mill Street, Pinedale, WY 82941, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared D.","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 432 Mill Street, Pinedale, WY 82941, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8671-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon M.","family":"Scurlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 432 Mill Street, Pinedale, WY 82941, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan T.","family":"du Toit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Dean R Gocke M Holz B Kilpatrick S Kreeger T Scurlock B Smith S Thorne ET Werbelow S. 2004 Elk feedgrounds in Wyoming. 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[MS] College Station: Texas A&M University."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-017-0052-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-017-1235-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.883"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/0091-7648(2004)32[254:DOBFIN]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2016 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 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