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B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bone has many functions. It is responsible for protecting the underlying soft organs, it allows locomotion, houses the bone marrow and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Upon damage, bone tissue can efficiently repair itself. However, healing is hampered if the defect exceeds a critical size and\/or is in compromised conditions. The isolation or generation of bone-forming progenitors has applicability to skeletal repair and may be used in tissue engineering approaches. Traditionally, bone engineering uses osteochondrogenic stem cells, which are combined with scaffold materials and growth factors. Despite promising preclinical data, limited translation towards the clinic has been observed to date. There may be several reasons for this including the lack of robust cell populations with favourable proliferative and differentiation capacities. However, perhaps the most pertinent reason is the failure to produce an implant that can replicate the developmental programme that is observed during skeletal repair. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can potentially offer a solution for bone tissue engineering by providing unlimited cell sources at various stages of differentiation. In this review, we summarize key embryonic signalling pathways in bone formation coupled with PSC differentiation strategies for the derivation of bone-forming progenitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T03:35:17Z","timestamp":1526873717000},"page":"20170218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["From skeletal development to the creation of pluripotent stem cell-derived bone-forming progenitors"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"373","author":[{"given":"Wai Long","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology (DSB), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&amp;N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank P.","family":"Luyten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology (DSB), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&amp;N 1 Herestraat 49 bus 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology (DSB), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Bone Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493529"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.204"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"Carvalho JL de Carvalho PH Gomes DA de Goes AM. 2013 Innovative strategies for tissue engineering. 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