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B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mice Against Ticks is a community-guided ecological engineering project that aims to prevent tick-borne disease by using CRISPR-based genome editing to heritably immunize the white-footed mice (\n                    <jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) responsible for infecting many ticks in eastern North America. Introducing antibody-encoding resistance alleles into the local mouse population is anticipated to disrupt the disease transmission cycle for decades. Technology development is shaped by engagement with community members and visitors to the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, including decisions at project inception about which types of disease resistance to pursue. This engagement process has prompted the researchers to use only white-footed mouse DNA if possible, meaning the current project will not involve gene drive. Instead, engineered mice would be released in the spring when the natural population is low, a plan unlikely to increase total numbers above the normal maximum in autumn. Community members are continually asked to share their suggestions and concerns, a process that has already identified potential ecological consequences unanticipated by the research team that will likely affect implementation. As an early example of CRISPR-based ecological engineering, Mice Against Ticks aims to start small and simple by working with island communities whose mouse populations can be lastingly immunized without gene drive.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of a discussion meeting issue \u2018The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T03:06:07Z","timestamp":1553483167000},"page":"20180105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Mice Against Ticks: an experimental community-guided effort to prevent tick-borne disease by altering the shared environment"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"374","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Buchthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam Weiss","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Emerging Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02155, USA"},{"name":"Program on Science, Technology, and Society, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02138, USA"},{"name":"Program on Science, Technology and Society, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeantine","family":"Lunshof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Sam R.","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, N. 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