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However, it is now recognized that impulsive and risk-taking behaviours are not a unitary construct, and different aspects can be both psychologically and neurally dissociated. The range of neurochemicals and brain systems that govern these behaviours is extensive, and this may be a contributing factor to the phenotypic range seen in the human population. However, this variety can also be pathological as extremes in risk-taking and impulsive behaviours are characteristics of many neuropsychiatric and indeed neurodegenerative disorders. This spans obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, where behaviour becomes ridged and non-spontaneous, to the nonsensical risk-taking seen in gambling and drug taking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications'.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T03:05:53Z","timestamp":1546225553000},"page":"20180128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"374","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7587-5712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Isles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre 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