{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:45:05Z","timestamp":1790203505638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1773","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human polyomaviruses show relatively little genetic polymorphism between isolates, indicating that these viruses are genetically stable between hosts. However, it has become increasingly clear that intra-host molecular evolution is a feature of some polyomavirus (PyV) infections in humans. Mutations inducing premature stop codons in the early region of the integrated Merkel cell PyV genome lead to the expression of a truncated form of the large tumour (LT) antigen that is critical for the transformation of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cells. Non-coding control region (NCCR) rearrangements and point mutations in virion protein (VP) 1 have been described in both JCPyV and BKPyV infections. In the context of JCPyV infection, molecular evolution at both these loci allows the virus to replicate effectively in the central nervous system, thereby leading to the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). In BKPyV infection, NCCR rearrangements have been linked to higher rates of virus replication in the kidney, and are proposed to play a direct causal role in the development of PyV-associated nephropathy. In all three of these infections, therefore, intra-host viral evolution appears to be an essential component of the disease process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T03:06:13Z","timestamp":1554692773000},"page":"20180301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Intra-patient viral evolution in polyomavirus-related diseases"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"374","author":[{"given":"Dorian","family":"McIlroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et des Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"},{"name":"Institut de Transplantation Urologie N\u00e9phrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Halary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"},{"name":"Institut de Transplantation Urologie N\u00e9phrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5175-0790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Bressollette-Bodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"},{"name":"Institut de Transplantation Urologie N\u00e9phrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"},{"name":"Service de Virologie, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005574"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305193082004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607243150405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/133.6.686"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152586"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07668-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju382"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2899"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02400-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003713"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150154"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806526105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(10)06001-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14191"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4584"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00542-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01701816"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/714044482"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.3.1600-1604.1991","article-title":"Recurring theme of changes in the transcriptional control region of BK virus during adaptation to cell culture","volume":"65","author":"Rubinstein R","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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