{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:05:01Z","timestamp":1783699501925,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1822","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How do people form their political beliefs? In an effort to address this question, we adopt a neuropsychological approach. In a natural experiment, we explored links between neuroanatomy and ideological preferences in two samples of brain lesion patients in New York City. Specifically, we compared the political orientations of patients with frontal lobe lesions, patients with amygdala lesions and healthy control subjects. Lesion type classification analyses revealed that people with frontal lesions held more conservative (or less liberal) beliefs than those with anterior temporal lobe lesions or no lesions. Additional analyses predicting ideology by extent of damage provided convergent evidence that greater damage in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex\u2014but not the amygdala\u2014was associated with greater conservatism. These findings were robust to model specifications that adjusted for demographic, mood, and affect-related variables. Although measures of executive function failed to mediate the relationship between frontal lesions and ideology, our findings suggest that the prefrontal cortex may play a role in promoting the development of liberal ideology. Our approach suggests useful directions for future work to address the issue of whether biological developments precede political attitudes or vice versa\u2014or both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T03:42:41Z","timestamp":1613965361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Toward a neuropsychology of political orientation: exploring ideology in patients with frontal and midbrain lesions"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"376","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3006-0584","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H. Hannah","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Political Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"3 Department of Politics and the Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Meager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Private Practice, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"6 Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay J.","family":"Van Bavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"4 Department of Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010320201841400_RSTB20200137C1","article-title":"The terrible beauty of brain surgery","author":"Knausgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"The New York Times Magazine"},{"key":"2026010320201841400_RSTB20200137C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-9221.2003.00345.x","article-title":"Political psychology and social neuroscience: strange bedfellows or comrades in arms?","volume":"24","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polit. 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