{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:49:20Z","timestamp":1787010560341,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1829","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1528,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1528,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1528,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a key concern, and evaluating the effect of testing and infection prevention and control strategies is essential for guiding policy in this area. Using a within-hospital SEIR transition model of SARS-CoV-2 in a typical English hospital, we estimate that between 9 March 2020 and 17 July 2020 approximately 20% of infections in inpatients, and 73% of infections in healthcare workers (HCWs) were due to nosocomial transmission. Model results suggest that placing suspected COVID-19 patients in single rooms or bays has the potential to reduce hospital-acquired infections in patients by up to 35%. Periodic testing of HCWs has a smaller effect on the number of hospital-acquired COVID-19 cases in patients, but reduces infection in HCWs by as much as 37% and results in only a small proportion of staff absences (approx. 0.3% per day). This is considerably less than the 20\u201325% of staff that have been reported to be absent from work owing to suspected COVID-19 and self-isolation. Model-based evaluations of interventions, informed by data collected so far, can help to inform policy as the pandemic progresses and help prevent transmission in the vulnerable hospital population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:36:55Z","timestamp":1622432215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The impact of testing and infection prevention and control strategies on within-hospital transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in English hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"376","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2345-5249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"},{"name":"2 Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"},{"name":"2 Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Vynnycky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"},{"name":"3 TB Modelling Group, TB Centre and Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-6229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Stimson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"},{"name":"2 Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Warne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Robotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"},{"name":"2 Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK"},{"name":"6 NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010105273315000_RSTB20200268C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30589-2","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19 in health-care workers in Denmark: an observational cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Iversen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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