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In the UK, modelling evidence used for policy is reported to the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) modelling subgroup, SPI-M-O (Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling-Operational). This Special Issue contains 20 articles detailing evidence that underpinned advice to the UK government during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK between January 2020 and July 2020. Here, we introduce the UK scientific advisory system and how it operates in practice, and discuss how infectious disease modelling can be useful in policy making. We examine the drawbacks of current publishing practices and academic credit and highlight the importance of transparency and reproducibility during an epidemic emergency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:36:55Z","timestamp":1622432215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"376","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-4932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellen","family":"Brooks-Pollock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK"},{"name":"2 NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7076-1871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leon","family":"Danon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2226-8692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thibaut","family":"Jombart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK"},{"name":"5 MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-6487","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"7 The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010105291925300_RSTB20210001C1","author":"World Health Organization. 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