{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:22:12Z","timestamp":1790785332056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1850","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-20-CE02-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE02-0015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-20-CE02-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE02-0015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In animals, males and females can display markedly different longevity (also called sex gaps in longevity, SGL). Sex chromosomes contribute to establishing these SGLs. X-hemizygosity and toxicity of the Y chromosomes are two mechanisms that have been suggested to reduce male longevity (Z-hemizygosity and W toxicity in females in ZW systems). In plants, SGLs are known to exist, but the role of sex chromosomes remains to be established. Here, by using adult sex ratio as a proxy for measuring SGLs, we explored the relationship between sex chromosomes and SGLs across 43 plant species. Based on the knowledge accumulated in animals, we specifically asked whether: (i) species with XY systems tend to have female-biased sex ratios (reduced male longevity) and species with ZW ones tend to have male-biased sex ratios (reduced female longevity); and (ii) this pattern was stronger in heteromorphic systems compared to homomorphic ones. Our results tend to support these predictions although we lack statistical power because of a small number of ZW systems and the absence of any heteromorphic ZW system in the dataset. We discuss the implications of these findings, which we hope will stimulate further research on sex differences in lifespan and ageing across plants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T04:05:27Z","timestamp":1647835527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sex chromosomes, sex ratios and sex gaps in longevity in plants"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-5967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel A. B.","family":"Marais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o 1 , ,"},{"name":"Universidade do Porto 1 , ,"},{"name":"4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 1 , ,"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias 2 , ,"},{"name":"Universidade do Porto 2 , ,"},{"name":"4099-002 Porto, Portugal 2 , ,"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO 3 ,"},{"name":"Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal 3 ,"},{"name":"LBBE, CNRS\/Univ. Lyon 1 4 ,"},{"name":"Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France 4 ,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-2353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J-F.","family":"Lema\u00eetre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LBBE, CNRS\/Univ. Lyon 1 4 ,"},{"name":"Campus de la Doua, Villeurbanne, France 4 ,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010105415724000_RSTB20210219C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0181-y","article-title":"Sex gap in aging and longevity: can sex chromosomes play a role?","volume":"9","author":"Marais","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"2026010105415724000_RSTB20210219C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8546","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911999117","article-title":"Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals","volume":"117","author":"Lema\u00eetre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 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A review and new insights from captive ruminants","volume":"69","author":"Tidiere","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2026010105415724000_RSTB20210219C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13302","article-title":"Life history evolution, reproduction, and the origins of sex-dependent aging and longevity","volume":"1389","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2026010105415724000_RSTB20210219C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1138","article-title":"Sex differences in ageing in natural populations of vertebrates","volume":"274","author":"Clutton-Brock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026010105415724000_RSTB20210219C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.07.066","article-title":"Evolution: mitochondrial burden on male health","volume":"22","author":"Frank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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