{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:06:03Z","timestamp":1771027563139,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1882","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["IOS:1749427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS:1749427"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["IOS:1749427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS:1749427"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Macrophage (M\u03d5)-lineage cells are integral to the immune defences of all vertebrates, including amphibians. Across vertebrates, M\u03d5 differentiation and functionality depend on activation of the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) receptor by CSF1 and interluekin-34 (IL34) cytokines. Our findings to date indicate that amphibian (Xenopus laevis) M\u03d5s differentiated with CSF1 and IL34 are morphologically, transcriptionally and functionally distinct. Notably, mammalian M\u03d5s share common progenitor population(s) with dendritic cells (DCs), which rely on fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) for differentiation while X. laevis IL34-M\u03d5s exhibit many features attributed to mammalian DCs. Presently, we compared X. laevis CSF1- and IL34-M\u03d5s with FLT3L-derived X. laevis DCs. Our transcriptional and functional analyses indicated that indeed the frog IL34-M\u03d5s and FLT3L-DCs possessed many commonalities over CSF1-M\u03d5s, including transcriptional profiles and functional capacities. Compared to X. laevis CSF1-M\u03d5s, the IL34-M\u03d5s and FLT3L-DCs possess greater surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, but not MHC class II expression, were better at eliciting mixed leucocyte responses in vitro and generating in vivo re-exposure immune responses against Mycobacterium marinum. Further analyses of non-mammalian myelopoiesis akin to those described here, will grant unique perspectives into the evolutionarily retained and diverged pathways of M\u03d5 and DC functional differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T03:49:32Z","timestamp":1686541772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A perspective into the relationships between amphibian (\n                    <i>Xenopus laevis<\/i>\n                    ) myeloid cell subsets"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"378","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Riadul Haque","family":"Hossainey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , ,"},{"name":"The George Washington University , ,"},{"name":"800 22nd Street Northwest, Suite 6000, Washington DC 20052, USA , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , ,"},{"name":"The George Washington University , ,"},{"name":"800 22nd Street Northwest, Suite 6000, Washington DC 20052, USA , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina N.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , ,"},{"name":"The George Washington University , ,"},{"name":"800 22nd Street Northwest, Suite 6000, Washington DC 20052, USA , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namarta","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , ,"},{"name":"The George Washington University , ,"},{"name":"800 22nd Street Northwest, Suite 6000, Washington DC 20052, USA , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliette M.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , ,"},{"name":"The George Washington University , ,"},{"name":"800 22nd Street Northwest, Suite 6000, Washington DC 20052, USA , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1144-4884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leon","family":"Grayfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences , ,"},{"name":"The George Washington University , ,"},{"name":"800 22nd Street Northwest, Suite 6000, Washington DC 20052, USA , ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010106422235100_RSTB20220124C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2014.06.001","article-title":"Developmental hematopoiesis: ontogeny, genetic programming and conservation","volume":"42","author":"Ciau-Uitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. 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