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B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Artificial light at night (ALAN) threatens natural ecosystems globally. While ALAN research is increasing, little is known about how ALAN affects plants and interactions with other organisms. We explored the effects of ALAN on plant defence and plant\u2013insect interactions using barley (\n                    <jats:italic>Hordeum vulgare<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the English grain aphid (\n                    <jats:italic>Sitobion avenae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Plants were exposed to \u2018full\u2019 or \u2018part\u2019 nights of 15\u201320 lux ALAN, or no ALAN \u2018control\u2019 nights, to test the effects of ALAN on plant growth and defence. Although plant growth was only minimally affected by ALAN, aphid colony growth and aphid maturation were reduced significantly by ALAN treatments. Importantly, we found strong differences between full-night and part-night ALAN treatments. Contrary to our expectations, part ALAN had stronger negative effects on aphid colony growth than full ALAN. Defence-associated gene expression was affected in some cases by ALAN, but also positively correlated with aphid colony size, suggesting that the effects of ALAN on plant defences are indirect, and regulated via direct disruption of aphid colonies rather than via ALAN-induced upregulation of defences. Mitigating ecological side effects of ALAN is a complex problem, as reducing exposure to ALAN increased its negative impact on insect herbivores.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Light pollution in complex ecological systems\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T19:05:19Z","timestamp":1698606319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Part-night exposure to artificial light at night has more detrimental effects on aphid colonies than fully lit nights"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"378","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9852-1020","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"Heinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Sanchez-Mahecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Martijn Bezemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2063-9955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Davide M.","family":"Dominoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; 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