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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) are powerful tools for studying the mechanical behaviour of the feeding system. Using validated, static FEMs we have previously shown that in rhesus macaques the largest food-related differences in strain magnitudes during unilateral postcanine chewing extend from the lingual symphysis to the endocondylar ridge of the balancing-side ramus. However, static FEMs only model a single time point during the gape cycle and probably do not fully capture the mechanical behaviour of the jaw during mastication. Bone strain patterns and moments applied to the mandible are known to vary during the gape cycle owing to variation in the activation peaks of the jaw-elevator muscles, suggesting that dynamic models are superior to static ones in studying feeding biomechanics. To test this hypothesis, we built dynamic FEMs of a complete gape cycle using muscle force data from\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments to elucidate the impact of relative timing of muscle force on mandible biomechanics. Results show that loading and strain regimes vary across the chewing cycle in subtly different ways for different foods, something which was not apparent in static FEMs. These results indicate that dynamic three-dimensional FEMs are more informative than static three-dimensional FEMs in capturing the mechanical behaviour of the jaw during feeding by reflecting the asymmetry in jaw-adductor muscle activations during a gape cycle.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T19:05:41Z","timestamp":1697396741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dynamic finite element modelling of the macaque mandible during a complete mastication gape cycle"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"378","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6457-448X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olga","family":"Panagiotopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Iriarte-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN 37383, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ackland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foundational Biomedical Sciences, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7764-761X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Callum F.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The finite element method: its basis and fundamentals (seventh edition)","author":"Zienkiewicz OC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zienkiewicz OC, Taylor RL, Zhu JZ. 2013 The standard discrete system and origins of the finite element method. 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