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Trans. R. Soc. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding of tongue deformations during mammalian mastication is limited, but has benefited from recent developments in multiplanar imaging technology. Here, we demonstrate how a standardized radiopaque marker implant configuration and biplanar fluoroscopy can quantify three-dimensional shape changes during chewing in pigs. Transverse and sagittal components of the three-dimensional angle between markers enable characterizing deformations in anatomically relevant directions. The transverse component illustrates bending to the left or to the right, which can occur symmetrically or asymmetrically, the latter sometimes indicating regional widening. The sagittal component reflects \u2018arching\u2019 or convex deformations in the dorsoventral dimension symmetrically or asymmetrically, the latter characteristic of twisting. Trends are detected in both the transverse and sagittal planes, and combinations thereof, to modify tongue shape in complex deformations. Both the transverse and sagittal components were also measured at key jaw and tongue positions, demonstrating variability particularly with respect to maximum and minimum gape. This highlights the fact that unlike tongue position, tongue deformations are more independent of jaw position, likely in response to the ever-changing bolus shape and position. From a methodological perspective, our study showcases advantages of a repeatable three-marker implant configuration suitable for animals of different sizes and highlights considerations for different implant patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T19:05:41Z","timestamp":1697396741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterizing tongue deformations during mastication using changes in planar components of three-dimensional angles"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"378","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0803-9519","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Akron, 302 Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH 44325, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane J.","family":"Montuelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Warrensville Heights, OH 44122, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan H.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, 228 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674184404.c14"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22711"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Trunks, tongues, and tentacles: moving with skeletons of muscles","volume":"77","author":"Kier WM","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kier WM, Smith KK. 1989 Trunks, tongues, and tentacles: moving with skeletons of muscles. 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